LieÃ„ÂivÃƒÂ© rastliny v meniacich sa environmentÃƒÂ¡lnych podmienkach

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Vliv biotických a abiotických stresorů na vlastnosti rostlin 11.5.2005 Sledované ťažké kovy sa prejavili ako inhibítory Hillovej reakcie. Na základe meraní fotochemickej aktivity izolovaných chloroplastov v závislosti od použitého ťažkého kovu sme zistili rozdiel v ich inhibičnom vplyve na priebeh Hillovej reakcie. Aplikáciou koncentračného gradientu kovov priamo do reakčnej zmesi v podmienkach in vitro sme zistili, že sa jedná o kovy inhibujúce fotochemickú aktivitu chloroplastov. Zo získaných spektrofotometrických meraní a stanovení ED 50 hodnôt uvedených v Tabuľke 1 je zrejmé, že ako najsilnejší inhibítor aktivity chloroplastov sa v Hillovej reakcii ukázala ortuť s hodnotou ED 50 = 7,70. 10 -3 M, k čomu dospeli aj /1/ v podobných štúdiách. Ako najslabší inhibítor sa zo sledovaného spektra šiestich ťažkých kovov prejavil kobalt s kodnotou ED 50 = 4,14. 10 -1 M. Na základe vysokých hodnôt fotochemickej aktivity izolovaných chloroplastov druhu Phytolacca dioica L. možno konštatovať, že ako modelový objekt je ho možné používať počas celého roka. Tab. 1: Inhibičný účinok sledovaných ťažkých kovov na fotochemickú aktivitu izolovaných chloroplastov vyjadrený hodnotou ED 50 kov Co Cr Cu Cd Pb Hg ED 50 /M 4,14. 10 -1 3,23. 10 -1 3,12. 10 -1 2,08. 10 -1 2,72. 10 -2 7,70. 10 -3 Literatúra /1/ BERNIER, M., POPOVIC, R. & CARPENTIER , R. 1993. Mercury inhibition at the donor side of photosystem II is reversed by chloride. FEBS Lett. 321:19-23 /2/ DOSTÁL, J. & ČERVENKA, M. 1991. Veľký kľúč na určovanie vyšších rastlín, SPN, Bratislava, 1567 pp. /3/ HENSELOVÁ, M. 2004. Effect of benzoline mixtures with IBA and fungicides on rooting cuttings of selected plant species. Biologia 13: 95-98. /4/ HENSELOVÁ, M., REGECOVÁ, M. & SOVÁKOVÁ, A. 2004. Isolation of chloroplasts in the Karwinskia species and determination of their photophotochemical activity under in vitro conditions. Plant Soil Environ. 50: 149-156. /5/ MASAROVIČOVÁ, E., LUNÁČKOVÁ, L. & KRÁĽOVÁ, K. 2002. Aktuálne problémy vplyvu kovov na rastliny. Biologické listy 67: 253-268. /6/ OUZONIDOU, G., ELEFTERIOU, E. P. & KARATAGLIS, S. 1992. Ecophysiological and ultrastructural effets of copper in Thlaspi ochroleucum (Cruciferae). Can. J. Bot. 70: 947-957. /7/ PANWAR, B. S., AHMED, K. S. & MITTAL, S. B. 2002. Phytoremediation of nickel-contaminated soils by Brassica species. Environment, Development and Sustainability 4: 1-6. /8/ REGECOVÁ, M. 2001. Fotochemická aktivita izolovaných chloroplastov druhu Karwinskia humboldtiana Zucc. Diplomová práca, PriF UK, Bratislava, 92 pp. /9/ SIEDLECKA, A. & BAZYÑSKI, T. 1993. Inhibition of electron flow around photosystem I in choroplasts of Cdtreated maize plants is due to Cd-induced iron deficiency. Physiol. Plant. 87: 199-202. 201
Vliv biotických a abiotických stresorů na vlastnosti rostlin 11.5.2005 /10/ VAN ASSCHE, F. & CLIJSTERS, H. 1990. Effects of metals on enzyme activity in plants. Plant Cell Environ. 13: 195-206. /11/ WILLIAMS, G. J. 1971. Populational differentiation in Hill reaction of United States, Mexico and Central Amerika in Liquidambar styraciflua L. Photosynthetica 5: 139-145. Phytolacca dioica L. – a suitable object for study of heavy metals’ phytotoxicity Key words: Phytolacca dioica L., photochemical activity, Hill reaction, heavy metals Summary This paper reports about Phytolacca dioica L. species from family Phytolaccaceae as a biological suitable object for biological screening of heavy metals’ Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg and Pb phytotoxicity. The leaf area and mass as well as the photochemical activity of isolated chloroplasts in in vitro conditions were observed. Reactional conditions for evaluation of the photochemical activity of isolated chloroplasts in the Hill reaction were determined. Hight photochemical activity of isolated chloroplasts in the summer and also in the winter regime was found. This makes the Phytolacca dioica L. species possible to use as a model plant anytime during the year. Spectrophotometrically measurements showed that mercury has the strongest inhibitory effect in Hill reaction and cobalt the weakes one from the range of metals. Poďakovanie Uvedené výsledky sú podporované grantovou agentúrou VEGA, číslo 1/0100/03 a COST ACTION 859. 202
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