Freies Kurdistan Buch

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(Abstract)
Free Kurdistan
After the collapse of the Ottoman Empire the Britons will occupy the Southern Kurdistan. All
non-Turkish peoples can establish their own national states, except the Kurds whom they deny
the right of self-determination. The Kurds and their homeland will be divided, against their wills,
among four new established states in Middle East (Turkey, Iraq, Syria and Iran).
Southern Kurdistan will be in 1925 annexed to the Iraqi Kingdom. The authoritarian and the pan
Arabic rulers in Baghdad trie with all methods to assimilate the Kurdish people into the Arabic
nation, and they subject them to all kinds of repressions.
The oppression of the Kurds reaches its climax during the leadership of the dictator Saddam
Hussein in 1988 when poisoned gas, as a part of the genocide policy in the Iraqi Kurdistan, will
be used against theme.
After the defeat of the Baath’s regime in the second Gulf war the Kurdish people begin to revolt
against the regime. Then a brutal offensive of the republican guards against the uprising force the
majority of the Kurdish people to seek refuge in the neighboring countries.
According to the UN resolution number 688, the allies set up a safe heaven in a big area of Iraqi
Kurdistan, in order to repatriate the huge number of the refugees and to protect the world-peace
and security of the region.
After one year, and as result of democratic parliament election, the safe heaven will be developed
into de facto Kurdish state. But because of the absence of the international recognition, anti
Kurds policy of the countries dividing Kurdistan which intends to destabilize the situation in the
region, because of the non-democratic competition or chronic rivalry of the major Kurdish
organizations and in the half cordiality of the west allies and UN, the self-government’s region of
Kurdistan “Free Kurdistan” can’t be developed into an independent Kurdish state.
The differences between the Kurdish political parties in the self-government’s region of
Kurdistan and the interfere of the regional power in the interior affairs of the region leads to the
break out of “brothers war”, consequently the region will be divided into two parts under the
control of KDP and PUK.
A significant peace agreement will be singed in 1988 in Washington, through the mediation of
the government of the United States of America between the disputed parties, later further steps
will be taken to imlement this agreement and to normalize the situation in Kurdistan, but the
region and its Administration remain divided.
During the third Gulf war, the Kurdish resistance fighters (Peshmerga) actively participate in the
North front. The Baath’s regime collapses on April 9, 2003. Consequently, the Iraqi state and its
oppression institutions break down. The responsibility for a new Iraq will be given to the
previous opposition parties.
The Kurds and other national and religious minorities for the first time equally take parts with
Sunni (and Shia) Arabs in the central government and important administrations in many
provinces especially Mosul and Kirkuk. And the new provisional constitution undertakes the task
of elimination of all phenomenon of arabising policy left from the previous regime in Kurdistan.
It recognizes also the regional government of Kurdistan with its recent borders until the adoption
of the permanent constitution and aims to establish a democratic federal Iraq.
But, in spite of all this, the Kurdish issue remains to be not correctly solved; there are still some
problems that must be solved.
This study focuses on the creation of safe heaven in Iraqi Kurdistan, its backgrounds and its
perspectives in the future. Moreover, it introduces and analyses practical options to solve the
conflict peacefully, therefore, it presents a contribution for discussion and solutions for the
Kurdish Issue in Iraq.
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