Interpersonal Communication- A Mindful Approach to Relationships, 2020a

Proxemics is the study of communication through space. Space as communication was heavily studied
by Edward T. Hall, 18 and he famously categorized space into four “distances. These distances represent
how space is used and by whom (Figure 5.4).
Hall’s first distance is referred to as intimate space and is often referred to as our “personal bubble.”
This bubble ranges from 0 to 18 inches from the body. This space is reserved for those with whom we
have close personal relationships.
The next distance is referred to as personal space and ranges from 18 inches to 4 feet. You will notice
that, as the distances move further away from the body, the intimacy of interactions decreases. Personal
space is used for conversations with friends or family. If you meet a friend at the local coffee shop to
catch up on life, it is likely that you will sit between 18 inches and four feet from your friend.
The next distance is “social” distance, ranging from 4 feet to 12 feet. This space is meant for
acquaintances.
Finally, the greatest distance is referred to as “public” distance, ranging from 12 feet to 25 feet. In an
uncrowded public space, we would not likely approach a stranger any closer than 12 feet. Consider an
empty movie theatre. If you enter a theatre with only one other customer, you will not likely sit in the
seat directly behind, beside, or in front of this individual. In all likelihood, you would sit further than 12
feet from this individual. However, as the theatre begins to fill, individuals will be forced to sit in Hall’s
distances that represent more intimate relationships. How awkward do you feel if you have to sit directly
next to a stranger in a theatre?
Intimate Space (0 to 18 inches)
Personal Space (18 inches to 4 feet)
Social Space (4 to 12 feet)
Public Space (12 to 25 feet)
Figure 5.4 Edward T. Hall’s Four Spaces
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Interpersonal Communication