Interpersonal Communication- A Mindful Approach to Relationships, 2020a

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Relative Language ................................................................................................................................. 144 Static Evaluation ................................................................................................................................... 144 4.5 Improving Verbal Communication ...................................................................................................... 145 Improving Language Skills ................................................................................................................... 145 Use Repetition ................................................................................................................................ 146 Group Similar Words Together .................................................................................................... 146 Build Your Vocabulary .............................................................................................146 Read ................................................................................................................................................ 147 Increase Your Awareness and Adaptation of Language ...................................................................... 147 Check for Understanding ..................................................................................................................... 147 Chapter Wrap-Up ...................................................................................................................................... 148 Chapter 5: Nonverbal Communication ............................................................................................................ 154 5.1 Importance of Nonverbal Communication in Interaction ................................................................... 155 The Role of Nonverbal in Everyday Life ............................................................................................. 155 Nonverbal has Communicative Value ........................................................................................... 155 Nonverbal Used for Relational Purposes ...................................................................................... 156 Nonverbal is Ambiguous ................................................................................................................ 156 Nonverbal is Culturally Based ........................................................................................................ 157 Attribution Error ............................................................................................................................ 157 Omnipresent .................................................................................................................................. 158 Can Form Universal Language ....................................................................................................... 158 Can Lead to Misunderstandings .................................................................................................... 158 Usually Trusted .............................................................................................................................. 159 The Six Functions of Nonverbal Communication ............................................................................... 160 Complementing .............................................................................................................................. 160 Contradicting .................................................................................................................................. 160 Accenting ........................................................................................................................................ 161 Repeating ........................................................................................................................................ 161 Regulating ....................................................................................................................................... 161 Substituting ..................................................................................................................................... 161 5.2 Categories of Nonverbal Communication ............................................................................................ 162 Haptics .................................................................................................................................................. 162 Vocalics ................................................................................................................................................. 164 Timbre ............................................................................................................................................ 164 Tempo ............................................................................................................................................ 164 Intensity ................................................................................................................................................ 164 Other Vocal Features ..................................................................................................................... 164 Paralanguage ............................................................................................................................. 164 Pauses and Silences .................................................................................................................. 166 Dysfluencies, Vocal Fillers, or Verbal Surrogates .................................................................... 167 Kinesics ................................................................................................................................................. 167 Facial Expressions .......................................................................................................................... 167 Oculesics ......................................................................................................................................... 167 Gestures .......................................................................................................................................... 168 Emblems .................................................................................................................................. 168 Illustrators ................................................................................................................................. 168 Affect Displays .......................................................................................................................... 168 Regulators ................................................................................................................................. 168 Interpersonal Communication vi
Proxemics ............................................................................................................................................. 168 Artifacts ................................................................................................................................................. 169 Chronemics .......................................................................................................................................... 170 Olfactics ................................................................................................................................................ 170 Physical Appearance............................................................................................................................. 171 Somatotypes ................................................................................................................................... 171 Physical Appearance and Society ................................................................................................... 174 Body Positivity ................................................................................................................................ 174 Reclaim Health ......................................................................................................................... 175 Practice Intuitive Self-Care ....................................................................................................... 176 Cultivate Self-Love ................................................................................................................... 176 Declare Your Own Authentic Beauty ...................................................................................... 177 Build Community ..................................................................................................................... 177 The Matching Hypothesis .............................................................................................................. 178 5.3 Improving your Nonverbal Skills ......................................................................................................... 180 The Nonverbal Mindset ....................................................................................................................... 180 Nonverbal Immediacy .......................................................................................................................... 181 Chapter Wrap-Up ...................................................................................................................................... 182 Chapter 6: Cultural and Environmental Factors in Interpersonal Communication ........................................ 190 6.1 What is Culture? .................................................................................................................................. 191 Co-cultures ...................................................................................................................................... 193 Microcultures .................................................................................................................................. 193 6.2 The Function of Culture ...................................................................................................................... 195 Collective Self-Esteem .......................................................................................................................... 195 Stereotyping .......................................................................................................................................... 196 Culture as Normative ........................................................................................................................... 197 6.3 Cultural Characteristics and Communication ...................................................................................... 199 Edward T. Hall ..................................................................................................................................... 199 Geert Hofstede ..................................................................................................................................... 201 Low vs. High Power Distance ........................................................................................................ 201 Individualism vs. Collectivism ........................................................................................................ 202 Masculinity vs. Femininity .............................................................................................................. 202 Low vs. High Uncertainty Avoidance ............................................................................................ 203 Long-Term vs. Short-Term Orientation ........................................................................................ 203 Indulgence vs. Restraint ................................................................................................................. 204 Stella Ting-Toomey .............................................................................................................................. 205 6.4 Improving Intercultural Communication Skills ................................................................................... 207 Become Culturally Intelligent ............................................................................................................... 207 Four Factors of Cultural Intelligence ............................................................................................. 207 Cognitive CQ ............................................................................................................................ 207 Motivational CQ ....................................................................................................................... 208 Metacognitive CQ .................................................................................................................... 208 Behavioral CQ ......................................................................................................................... 208 Engaging Culturally Mindful Interactions ............................................................................................ 208 Chapter Wrap-Up ...................................................................................................................................... 211 Chapter 7: Talking and Listening ..................................................................................................................... 218 7.1 The Importance of Everyday Conversations ....................................................................................... 218 Types of Conversations ........................................................................................................................ 219 Discourse ........................................................................................................................................ 220 vii Interpersonal Communication
Page 1 and 2: Interpersonal Communication 1 In In
Page 3 and 4: Contents Preface ..................
Page 5 and 6: Organizing ........................
Page 7: Introversion/Extraversion .........
Page 11 and 12: Analyzing .........................
Page 13 and 14: Avoiders ..........................
Page 15 and 16: Solitary Survivor (Retired) .......
Page 17 and 18: Resource ..........................
Page 19 and 20: Reactions to Hurtful Messages .....
Page 21 and 22: Control, in, and of itself, is neit
Page 23 and 24: One of the inherent limitations of
Page 25 and 26: NACADA Journal (National Associatio
Page 27 and 28: day message family Now might relati
Page 29 and 30: “interpersonalness.” On the oth
Page 31 and 32: physical symptoms. It is vital for
Page 33 and 34: information with other people. We c
Page 35 and 36: etween serious versus non-serious i
Page 37 and 38: If, however, you’ve had a bad exp
Page 39 and 40: Religion can also impact what you v
Page 41 and 42: used to harsh language or foul lang
Page 43 and 44: Self-Monitoring The last characteri
Page 45 and 46: Today scholars view the term “int
Page 47 and 48: cable, satellite television, the Wo
Page 49 and 50: Towards a Mindfulness Model Shauna
Page 51 and 52: are). 4. L stands for love (being k
Page 53 and 54: The last facet of mindfulness is
Page 55 and 56: psychological in nature). Simply, t
Page 57 and 58: Real World Case Study Noam is a fre
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References 1 Bochner, A. P. (1989).
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Illuminating the theory & practice
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Image by Sasint from Pixabay Chapte
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As the arrow in Figure 2.1 indicate
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Discovering Self-Concept - Who are
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In another study, researchers sough
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Channel With advances in technology
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and just close your eyes. Focus on
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Figure 2.3a The Rubin Vase - based
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is normal behavior. We are so focus
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In this section, we have discussed
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The Shannon-Weaver model was critic
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MESSAGE Encoder Interpreter Decoder
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In 1970, Dean C. Barnlund created t
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As a receiver, you can keep trying
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of information from a source or sen
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The first statement in the credo fo
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feelings on this subject. When it c
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End of Chapter Quiz 1. Paul tells J
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20 Model. (2020). BusinessDictionar
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Image by johnhain from Pixabay Chap
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Thoughtful Conversely, the top ten
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The final characteristic of Rogers
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ased on facts. For example, many pe
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Mindfulness Activity One of the bea
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According to Simon, Vulture (‘vul
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• Is thinking this way helping me
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provided some interesting stories,
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1. Temperament is biologically dete
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Personality: • https://projects.f
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Neuroticism is the degree to which
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is a form of social organization wh
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Although relatively little research
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1. Lack of affect in interpersonal
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• Watch the following interview c
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sion-24 (PRCA-24). 75 If you have n
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gender (feminine males, masculine f
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tion sensitivity. In a set of thre
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7. Increased fear of rejection. 8.
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End of Chapter Key Terms • Affect
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etween self-esteem and communicatio
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https://psychcentral.com/lib/challe
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73 Buss, A. (2009). Anxious and sel
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119 Interpersonal Communication
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Image by Gerd Altmann from Pixabay
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ferent perceptions. The same thing
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Abstract Information Research Acade
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little “cuddle monster” because
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have perceptions about yourself. Th
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unique spellings of names. Names ca
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generally inflamed by this rhetoric
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We can decrease affiliation with ot
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The business world is full of jargo
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e in hot water Be in trouble. If yo
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she’s a doll full of beans full o
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types of improper language: vulgari
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doing this activity, try to be more
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Read Lastly, you should read regula
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Finally, this chapter discusses the
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References 1 Lakoff, R. T. (2001).
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expressions if everyone’s face wa
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meanings of crossing one’s arms.
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wife in high school. During a skit,
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Accenting is a form of nonverbal co
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daily lives, such as greeting, comf
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Instructions: Read the following qu
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Dysfluencies, Vocal Fillers, or Ver
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Proxemics is the study of communica
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of products available to enhance en
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_____9. _____10. I think my metabol
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care for, and take pleasure in your
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As we’ve discussed with mindfulne
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Instructions: Please read each sent
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Second, individuals must believe no
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End of Chapter Key Terms • Accent
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References 1 Eckman, P and Friesen,
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44 Ibid. 45 Richmond, V. P., Smith,
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Figure 6.1 Traditional costumes and
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In addition to a dominant culture,
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6.2 The Function of Culture Learnin
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cultural group(s). In the case of c
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Exercises • Think about a group t
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Geert Hofstede Another very importa
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U.S. is number 19 out of 76); where
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80/17475759.2017.1292944 Stella Tin
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ideas to your co-culture. Does your
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figure out where that stereotype ca
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One day Roy and Jalissa were hangin
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References Culture: A critical rev
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and versare (turn): “conversation
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Diatribe Lastly, Angle discusses th
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discourage self-disclosure) • Phy
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Entitlements and Enhancements The f
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can see in Figure 7.3, the Johari W
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process by which you interact with
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they have to say, we may end up bei
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If we achieve discriminative listen
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The final listening style is the ti
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Step Four: Now subtract B from C. P
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Positive Characteristics Give cues
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Ronald Adler, Lawrence Rosenfeld, a
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is used to show that you identify w
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make this situation better?” The
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women should behave in public. Wome
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End of Chapter Key Terms • Analyz
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References 1 Apps, J. (2014). The a
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conversation isn’t easy, but it i
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Image by ID 1715736 from Pixabay Ch
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you were to approach your mom, she
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curvaceous ideal of Marilyn Monroe
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how to handle financial issues. So
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stage, we are primarily interested
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partners disagree about what is opt
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Exercises • Find video clips onli
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This tension deals with self vs. ot
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deal with integration vs. separatio
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4. Picked up friends 5. Confirmed p
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possess a treasure trove of informa
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Ludic lovers view love as a game, a
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8.6 How Gender Affects Relationship
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Exercises • As a class, ask every
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End of Chapter Quiz 1. Picking a se
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26 Rosenfeld, L. B. (2000). Overvie
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Image by Gerd Altmann from Pixabay
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From this perspective, conflict is
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ly. Here are some examples of confl
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Feelings: Feelings tell us “how t
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Instead, people need to avoid these
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are moralistic judgments where we i
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communicated with each other. Speci
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In 1958 social psychologist Herbert
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Legitimate The fourth base of power
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the power we have over others as we
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Interpretation Each of the four par
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Conflict Management Tactic Definiti
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think, listen, and then communicate
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aggressive. Conversely, you have to
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End of Chapter Key Terms • Accide
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5. Hodoya is a Canadian union leade
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nations and applications. Allyn & B
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Beverley Fehr was one of the first
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your friendships. Why did you decid
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interpersonal goals, while maintain
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On the other side, we do depend on
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1. When you’re with your friends,
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This does not discount the possibil
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if the time arises. are ones that
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they considered friends. Although n
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• Use criticism and insults as we
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the nature of gender differences an
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Sexuality The obvious next step in
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sex (and it appears that most do),
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universities, the government, and h
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it’s not mutual, then we’re not
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perspective for communication schol
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Friendship processes 2 Hruschka, D.
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Personal Relationships (pp. 391-410
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Image by Brad Dorsey from Pixabay C
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Statistical Definition of ‘Family
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almost anything to be considered a
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The fifth trait of a family deals w
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To further explain the concepts of
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Fork Pin Third Wheel First Wheel Ho
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communicate with others. Norms, on
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same end result using multiple star
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Genogram Symbols Basic Symbols Male
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Vader is a slightly distant father
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y social-construction or intra-psyc
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“dinks,” dual incomes, no kids.
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The typical final stage in the fami
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warmth are more likely to engage in
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sibling is a great way to enjoy eac
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11.4 Marriage Relationships Learnin
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Sharing The third dimension of marr
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overly assertive in their conflict
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Chapter Wrap-Up As we discussed at
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c. Genogram d. Genealogy tree 4. In
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25 Kerr, M. E., & Bowen, M. (1988).
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71 Umberson, D., Thomeer, M. B., Kr
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12.1 Technology and Communication L
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creation of a system that could all
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(Figure 12.4). The invention of IRC
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In this section, we’re going to d
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newspapers in the 1880s often used
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Third, netiquette attempts to gover
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Instructions: This set of questions
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her/him/themselves occupied (e.g.,
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themed posts. Pitcan, M., Marwick,
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ut the goal is to provide a space w
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Psychosocial Crisis Trust vs. Mistr
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and wanted to share a meme, but rea
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Even J. K. Rowling (of Harry Potter
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They found five basic reasons peopl
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those possible in traditional FtF i
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She decides to download the app and
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The History Channel. https:// www.h
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47 Bullingham, L., & Vasconcelos, A
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0.97 hours 1.06 hours 0.59 hours 0.
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had dealings with the EPA for $50 p
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• Encourage your coworkers to dem
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4. Noticing and letting go of your
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Characteristic Informal Formal Cont
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Have you ever been disrespectful in
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Fred Dansereau, George Graen, and W
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Research Spotlight In a 2019 articl
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The third followership style is the
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It’s always good to have a peer t
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Ability to Focus Have you ever foun
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marked by gradual changes that help
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personalistic focus. Instead of jus
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Key Takeaways • According to Patr
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Propinquity Interpersonal Attractio
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e terminated. Robert Quinn was the
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employment-related decisions withou
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This section, the most important of
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WRs they had engaged in, this motiv
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There are many books out there desi
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Sixth, we have the intrusive harass
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tends to be highly uncivil in the w
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ensure that the targets of the bull
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Key Terms • Career Strategizing
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4. At work, Stella has an inherent
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21 Ibid..; pg. 33. 22 Gagnon, M. A.
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work. Journal of Managerial Psychol
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Image by John Hain from Pixabay Cha
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Butterfield and Rebecca Chory-Assad
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accurately. is defined as using
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“Even in the closest, most satisf
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After exploring the types of hurtfu
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Current research indicates that rel
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the name-calling would be considere
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speculate that cyberbullying is wor
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Denial of due process in meetings D
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Jennifer Guthrie and Adrianne Kunke
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their experiences with two addition
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Internet infidelity, and hurtful me
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tion about the state of the relatio
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42 Aloia, L., & Solomon, D. (2013).
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Assertiveness Attending Attention A
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Conflict Confrontational Behaviors
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Emotional Loneliness Emotional Vamp
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Identification Ideology of traditio
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Kinesics Language Language Adaptati
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Norms Observing Oculesics Olfactics
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Representational Function Responsiv
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Sociocommunicative Orientation Soci
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Versatility Vocabulary Vocalics Wil
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