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Capitolul 1 Ecuatii diferentiale de ordinul ˆıntâi rezolvabile prin ...

Capitolul 1 Ecuatii diferentiale de ordinul ˆıntâi rezolvabile prin ...

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Proprietǎt¸i calitative ale solut¸iilor 119<br />

Demonstrat¸ie: Fie r > 0 ¸si K > 0, astfel ca tubul ∆, <strong>de</strong>finit <strong>prin</strong><br />

∆ = {(t, X) : t ∈ I∗, X − X(t; t0, X 0 ) ≤ r}<br />

sǎ fie inclus în mult¸imea I × Ω (∆ ⊂ I × Ω) ¸si pentru orice<br />

(t, X 1 ), (t, X 2 ) ∈ ∆ sǎ avem<br />

Consi<strong>de</strong>rǎm numerele:<br />

F(t, X 1 ) − F(t, X 2 ) ≤ K · X 1 − X 2 .<br />

h1 = min{T2 − t0, t0 − T1}; h2 = max{T2 − t0, t0 − T1};<br />

M = sup F(t, X);<br />

(t,X)∈∆<br />

un numǎr ε, 0 < ε < r ¸si numǎrul δ = δ(ε, I∗), <strong>de</strong>finit astfel:<br />

δ = 2 −1 · min{h1, ε · (M + 1) −1 · e −K(h1+h2) }<br />

Pentru (t1, X 1 ) cu |t1 − t0| < δ ¸si X 1 − X 0 < δ avem inegalitǎt¸ile:<br />

T1 < t1 < T2 ,<br />

X 1 − X(t1; t0, X 0 ) ≤ X 1 − X 0 + X 0 − X(t1; t0, X 0 ) <<br />

< δ · (M + 1) < ε<br />

< r;<br />

2<br />

¸si <strong>prin</strong> urmare (t1, X 1 ) ∈ ∆ ⊂ I × Ω.<br />

Fie X 1 = X(t; t1, X 1 ) solut¸ia maximalǎ a problemei Cauchy:<br />

⎧<br />

⎨<br />

⎩<br />

˙X = F(t, X)<br />

X(t0) = X 1<br />

<strong>de</strong>finitǎ pe intervalul I1.<br />

Vom arǎta cǎ X(t; t1, X 1 ) − X(t; t0, X 0 ) < ε<br />

2<br />

pentru orice<br />

t ∈ I∗ ∩ I1.<br />

Rat¸ionǎm <strong>prin</strong> reducere la absurd ¸si admitem cǎ existǎ t2 ∈ I∗ ∩I1, astfel<br />

ca X(t2; t1, X 1 ) − X(t2, t0, X 0 ) ≥ ε<br />

2 .<br />

Rezultǎ <strong>de</strong> aici cǎ cel put¸in pentru unul din numerele α1, α2 <strong>de</strong>finite <strong>prin</strong><br />

<br />

<br />

α1=inf<br />

, (∀) τ ∈ [t, t1]<br />

t ∈ I∗∩I1 : X(τ; t0, X 1 )−X(τ; t0, X 0 )< ε<br />

2

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