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Capitolul 1 Ecuatii diferentiale de ordinul ˆıntâi rezolvabile prin ...

Capitolul 1 Ecuatii diferentiale de ordinul ˆıntâi rezolvabile prin ...

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4 CAPITOLUL 1<br />

Concluzii<br />

1. Existǎ probleme <strong>de</strong> fizicǎ care conduc la ecuat¸ii diferent¸iale <strong>de</strong> forma<br />

˙x = f(t) (numitǎ problema primitivei) în care f este o funct¸ie realǎ<br />

continuǎ <strong>de</strong>finitǎ pe un interval <strong>de</strong>schis (a, b) ⊂ IR 1 .<br />

2. Oricare ar fi solut¸ia x = x(t) a ecuat¸iei diferent¸iale ˙x = f(t) existǎ o<br />

constantǎ realǎ C astfel încât<br />

x(t) =<br />

t<br />

t ∗<br />

f(τ)dτ + C, (∀)t ∈ (a, b).<br />

3. Oricare ar fi t0 ∈ (a, b) ¸si x0 ∈ IR 1 existǎ o singurǎ funct¸ie x = x(t)<br />

<strong>de</strong>finitǎ pe (a, b) care este solut¸ia problemei cu date init¸iale<br />

Exercit¸ii<br />

˙x = f(t)<br />

x(t0) = x0<br />

1. Sǎ se <strong>de</strong>termine solut¸iile urmǎtoarelor ecuat¸ii diferent¸iale (cu calculatorul):<br />

a) ˙x = 1 + t + t 2 ; t ∈ IR 1<br />

R : x(t) = t3<br />

3<br />

+ t2<br />

2<br />

b) ˙x = 1<br />

; t > 0 R: x(t) = lnt + C<br />

t<br />

+ t + C<br />

c) ˙x = 1 + sin t + cos 2t; t ∈ IR 1 R: x(t) = t − cost + 1<br />

sin 2t + C<br />

2<br />

d) ˙x = 1<br />

1 + t2; t ∈ IR1<br />

R: x(t) = arctant + C<br />

e) ˙x = 1<br />

t2 1<br />

; t ∈ (−1, 1) R: x(t) =<br />

− 1 2<br />

f) ˙x =<br />

1 − t<br />

ln + C<br />

1 + t<br />

1<br />

√ t 2 − 4 ; t ∈ IR 1 − [−2, 2] R: x(t) = ln(t + √ t 2 − 4) + C

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