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Capitolul 1 Ecuatii diferentiale de ordinul ˆıntâi rezolvabile prin ...

Capitolul 1 Ecuatii diferentiale de ordinul ˆıntâi rezolvabile prin ...

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18 CAPITOLUL 1<br />

<br />

x<br />

<br />

2. O funct¸ie x = x(t) este solut¸ie a ecuat¸iei ˙x = g dacǎ ¸si nu-<br />

t<br />

mai dacǎ funct¸ia y = x<br />

este solut¸ie a ecuat¸iei cu variabile separate<br />

t<br />

˙y = 1[g(y)<br />

− y].<br />

t<br />

<br />

x<br />

<br />

3. Rezolvarea problemei Cauchy ˙x = g , x(t0) = x0 se reduce la<br />

t<br />

rezolvarea problemei Cauchy ˙y = 1<br />

t [g(y) − y], y(t0) = y0 = x0<br />

.<br />

Exercit¸ii<br />

1. Sǎ se <strong>de</strong>termine solut¸iile urmǎtoarelor ecuat¸ii diferent¸iale:<br />

a) ˙x = x<br />

t<br />

b) ˙x = x2 + t 2<br />

t · x<br />

c) ˙x =<br />

x<br />

x<br />

+ e t − R: ln(t) = e t + C<br />

t + x<br />

t − x<br />

R: x 2 = 2t 2 ln(t) + C · t 2<br />

R: arctan x<br />

2 −ln<br />

<br />

x2 +1=ln t+C<br />

t2 <br />

t x<br />

R: − ln = ln t + C<br />

x t<br />

x<br />

d) ˙x =<br />

t − 2 √ tx<br />

2. Sǎ se rezolve urmǎtoarele probleme Cauchy ¸si sǎ se reprezinte grafic<br />

solut¸iile (cu calculator):<br />

a) ˙x =<br />

4tx − x2<br />

2t2 , t0 = 1, x0 = 1 R: x(t) = 2t2<br />

t + 1<br />

b) ˙x = 2tx<br />

3t 2 − x 2, t0 = 0, x0 = 0 R: x(t) = 0<br />

c) ˙x =<br />

2t + x<br />

4t − x , t0 = 1, x0 = 1 R: x(t) = t<br />

x + t<br />

d) ˙x = −<br />

5x + t , t0 = 1, x0 = 0 R: x(t)=− 1<br />

5 t+1<br />

√<br />

−4t2 +5<br />

5<br />

t0

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