Practical Guige to Free Energy Devices

ohm resistor in the output line which limits that part of the current to a maximum of 33 milliamps (Ohm’s Law:
Amps = Volts /Resistance). This neglects the body resistance and assumes that the output control variable
resistor is set to minimum resistance, which is unlikely.
Checking these values shows that the 555 chip is liable to draw as much current as the circuit supplies through
the output electrodes. However, let’s go ahead with the circuit, after all, we might decide to use rechargeable PP3
batteries which would overcome the need to buy new batteries every few days.
The first essential requirement is to provide the 555 chip with a voltage of, say, 10 volts when it is running in the
completed circuit. That could be done with one of the voltage-stabiliser integrated circuits:
That is not a particularly expensive option, but those chips draw a current in order to provide the voltage
stabilisation and an absolutely steady voltage is not needed by the 555 chip. Alternatively, we could use a
resistor and a 10V zener diode:
But that method does waste some current flowing through the zener in order to provide the wanted voltage. The
most simple method is to use a resistor and a capacitor:
Considerable care is needed when selecting the resistor value “R”. If the value is too low, then the voltage
passed to the 555 chip will be too high and the chip will burn out. When selecting the resistor “R”, start with a
higher value than expected and then substitute slightly lower value resistors while monitoring the voltage across
the capacitor to make sure that it stays low enough. The resistor value can be assessed using Ohm’s Law.
Assuming a current of about 6 mA, the voltage drop across the resistor being (27 – 10) = 17 volts, then a resistor
of about 2.83K (as Ohms = Volts / Amps) which suggests that starting with a 4.7K resistor is likely to be ok, and
then picking each lower standard resistor in turn until a satisfactory voltage across the capacitor is reached.
The capacitor could be 12V or 15V rated, but if one rated at a higher voltage is used, then if it is accidentally
connected across the full 27V it will not be harmed in any way. The larger the capacitance, the better, say 220
microfarads which can be got for a few pence on eBay. If you want to play safe, you could connect a 12V zener
diode across the capacitor. It will not draw any current under normal working conditions, but if anything should
cause the voltage on the capacitor to rise, then it will fire up and hold the voltage down to a safe 12V level. I
would be inclined to see the zener as being unnecessary, but the choice is always yours.
So what resistor power rating is needed? Well, if the resistor turns out to be a 2.7K and the capacitor voltage
ends up as 9.5 volts, then the average voltage across the resistor is 17.5V which makes the current through it
6.48 mA and as Watts = Volts x Amps, the power rating needs to be 113 milliwatts, so the typical quarter-watt
(250 mW) resistor should be perfectly ok. If two (nearly equal value) resistors in parallel are used to get some
intermediate value of “R” then that increases the overall resistor wattage.
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