Practical Guige to Free Energy Devices

collisions. Since carbon dioxide is a major by-product together with some other minor gases coming out from the
impurity of the fuel, they will be separated by the conventional absorption method or the membrane separation
method.
Transformation of hydrocarbon fuel by corona and glow plasma has been attempted by passing the hydrocarbon
gas such as methane, natural gas, LPG and vaporised liquid fuel sometime mixed with water vapours through the
plasma reactor. They have all been successful in producing hydrogen-rich gas through corona discharge at
atmospheric pressure by subjecting methane, vaporised methanol, diesel fuel mixed with water vapour, by
passing it through a plasma gild arc reactor, wire in tube reactor and reactor proposed by MIT plasmatron or other
gas phase corona streamer reactor.
The proposed under-liquid plasma reactor has many advantage over the gas-phase plasma reactor as it is able to
generate a steady plasma-glow discharge at a very much lower voltage, i.e. from 350 V to (rarely) 1,800 V with
current in the range of 100 mA to 800 mA in water. The liquid medium will also permit the application of ultrasonic
waves producing an effect which will enhance the generation of glow plasma and thereby increase the overall
transformation process. Again, no external air or gas is need be introduced for the reaction. However, the
hydrocarbon gas such as methane, natural, LPG or hydrogen sulphurs gas can be introduced to work in
conjunction, and complementing the liquid fuel in the reformation process. The fuel gases will enhance plasmadischarge
reformation and allow it to take place without having to rely on gas produced by electrolysis.
Those hydrocarbon fuel molecules which come in contact with the plasma-discharge, will be subjected to
dissociation and partial oxidation depicted in the following:
H 2 O +e → +OH + H + +e dissociation
CH 4 + e → CH 3 + H + +e direct plasma dissociation
CH 4 + H → CH 3 + H 2 reacting with H radicals
CH 4 + H 2 O → CO + 3H 2 partial oxidation
CO + H 2 O → CO 2 + H 2 water shifting
CH 3 OH + H 2 O → CO 2 + 3H 2 electrolysis and partial oxidation
H 2 S → S + 2H
without experiencing oxidation
H 2 S + 2H 2 O → SO 2 + 3H 2 partial oxidation
SO 2 + 2H 2 O → H 2 SO 4 + H 2
Endothermic catalytic conversion of light hydro-carbon (methane to gasoline):
CnHm + nH 2 O → nCO + (n + m/2)H 2
With heavy hydro-carbon:
CH1,4 + 0,3H 2 O + 0,4O 2 → 0,9CO + 0,1CO 2 + H 2
C 8 H 18 + H 2 O + 9/2O 2 → 6CO + 2CO 2 + 10H 2
The hydrogen gas and carbon dioxide are collected. The CO 2 is separated by establish absorption or the
membrane separation method.
The OH radical produced by the plasma dissociation will play an important role in oxidising the CH 4 to produce
CO which would further be oxidised to become CO 2 . The same applied to methanol CH 3 OH and H 2 S. The S is
being oxidised to form SO 2 and further oxidising to become SO 3 and subsequently reacting with H 2 O to produce
H 2 SO 4 . This type of chemical reaction will be possible only with the encouragement of the highly chemical
reactive and plasma catalytic environment. Not every CO will become CO 2 and sulphur particles may be
observed in the precipitation.
REACTOR
There are number of reactors which can be used for the reformation of hydrogen-rich compounds. Reactors such
as the wire in tube, tube in tube; single cell and multiple cell reactors; and the multi-electrodes without diaphragm
separation. The tube in tube reactor and tower reactor with horizontal electrodes are suitable for treating both
liquid and gas hydrocarbons and both at the same time. The anode and cathode are closely spaced with a gap
distance ranging from 6 mm to 12 mm and are covered with dielectric gas-retaining and current-concentrating
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