Practical Guige to Free Energy Devices

With the data obtained by the metallographic method of crater measurement, we estimated the volume of metal
ejected from the cathode, by assuming that the crater represents a concavity analogous to a spherical segment
having a single base (1/6pi x H [3r 2 + H 2 ], where H is the height of the spherical segment and r the radius of the
sphere), while disregarding the volume of the central droplet leftover from the emission. The following are mean
+/- SEM crater diameters (D), crater depths (H) and maximum volumes (V) of extruded metallic material for two
types of aluminium cathodes, Alzak and H34 hardened aluminium, subject to a high input current PAGD:
1. Alzak: D -0.028 cm +/- 0.003; H -0.002 cm +/- 0.0002; V - 6.2 x 10 -7 cm 3
2. H34: D -0.0115 cm +/- 0.0004; H -0.0006 +/- 0.0001; V - 3.1 x 10 -8 cm 3
Accordingly, utilising plates composed of either material with 3 mm of thickness, and thus with a volume of 38.4
cm 3 per plate and considering that only 2/3rds of the cathode shall be used (a 2 mm layer out of the 3 mm
thickness), the total number of pulses per plate total (TLT) and partial (PLT) lifetimes is theoretically:
1. Alzak: TLT: 6.2 x 10 7 pulses; PLT: 4.1 x 10 7 pulses;
2. H34: TLT: 1.2 x 10 9 pulses; PLT: 8.1 x 10 8 pulses.
Typically, an H34 device can produce about 0.25 kWh per 10,000 pulses. The corresponding value for a PLT is
thus a minimum of 1.0 MWh/Alzak cathode and of 20 MWh/H34 cathode. As the cathode for each combination is
only 66.7% consumed, the vacuum pulse generator may continue to be used in a reverse configuration, by
utilising the other plate in turn as the cathode; thus, the estimated minimal values become, respectively, 2.0
MWh/Alzak pulse generator and 40 MWh/H34 pulse generator. The same rationale applies for the double diode
configuration of Fig.10C.
We have created a two-ported system for the production of the singular discharge events which we have
previously identified in the “863” application as an endogenous pulsatory abnormal glow discharge regime where
the plasma discharge is triggered by spontaneous electronic emissions from the cathode. We have examined the
functioning of this two-ported system in order to determine what were the electrical power input and output
characteristics of a sustained PAGD regime. Despite the wide (10-fold) variations in net power and break-even
efficiencies measured by the four different methods employed (open voltage measurements, time integration of
negligible power measurements, operational power measurements and real time non-negligible power
measurements), all methods indicate the presence of an anomalous electrical transduction phenomenon within
the vacuum pulse generator, such as can result in the production at the output port of electrical energy measured
and directly captured which is greater than would be anticipated having regard to the electrical energy input at the
input port. With the most accurate of the methods employed, we have found typical PAGD power production
rates of 200 WHr/hour of PAGD operation, and these may reach >0.5 kWh/h values.
The discrepancies between the methods utilised have been extensively examined in the preceding section. Our
systematic approach demonstrates that the most frequently employed method of measuring the charge capacity
of batteries by the open voltage values is the least reliable approach for the determination of the actual net power
lost or gained by the battery packs used in the system: when compared to all three other methods, it
overestimates net power consumed and produced by up to 10 fold, as well as distorting the break-even
efficiencies, particularly at the extremes of operation. All this results from the grossly diminished (50-60% of
manufacturer's theoretical estimate) effective charge capacity of the lead acid gel cells employed, as determined
experimentally from Fig.18 and Fig.19, when compared to the theoretical maximal charge capacity values that
serve as scale for the open voltage measurements. In other words, the effective energy density of the batteries
during these experiments was in fact approximately half of the manufacturer's estimated 30 WHr/kg.
Under these actual conditions of battery performance, the third and fourth methods (respectively, operational and
real-time non-negligible power measurements) of power consumption and production proved to be the best
approach to measure both PAGD electrical power input and output, as the results of both methods matched each
other closely, even though the former is a statistical treatment of simultaneous events and the latter is a real time
integration of their cumulative effects. The second method is clearly less reliable than either the third or the fourth
methods, and this stems from the fact that the power consumption slopes of negligible resistive discharges not
only are very different from the quasi-steady state discharge slopes (beginning at >5 - 15 minutes) of extensive
resistive discharges, but also their proportionality may not reflect the real time proportionality of equivalent
prolonged resistive discharges.
The main advantage of the fourth method is that it effectively takes into account the actual time performance of
the batteries comprised by the overall PAGD production and capture system we have described. As such, the
method may have the main disadvantage of reflecting more the limitations of the batteries employed (their high
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