Practical Guige to Free Energy Devices

particles. The observation of ion current contributions to the cathode current on the order of 8 to 10%, in VADs,
can hardly apply to the PAGD mechanism responsible for the anomalous currents and counterflows observed.
Hence, we should further expect that the characteristically intermittent, or chopped current regime of the PAGD, is
a major factor in the generation of disproportionately high energy longitudinal pulses and in allowing our system to
capture most of the electrical energy output from the device. In all probability, field collapse at the end of
discharge favours the nearly integral collection of the plasma charge, and ensures the transduction of most of the
plasma energy of the pulse (blocked, as it is, from flowing back through the input port to the drive pack) to the
output port, through the parallel, asymmetric capacitance bridge that interfaces with the charge recovery reservoir
(the charge pack). Collapse of the field of the discharge may also be a contributing factor to the anomalous
acceleration of ions, and to the observed anode plating effect.
It is equally possible that such abnormally large longitudinal pulses may never be observable, for a given
arrangement and scale, above threshold frequencies of the oscillation; we have, in this sense, presented data that
indicates that for a given geometry, above specific PAGD frequencies, the capture of surplus energy decreases
steadily in efficiency until it ceases altogether, for a given arrangement. The point at which this surplus begins to
decrease coincides with the setting in of frequency-dependent irregularities in the discharge sequence and, most
importantly, it coincides with a reduction of the peak pulse current for each PAGD pulse. We have further
remarked that increasing the PAGD frequency above the zero surplus point, for a given arrangement, by
manipulating any of the frequency control parameters, provokes the slippage of the PAGD into a full fledged VAD
regime, while input currents greatly increase and output peak currents greatly decrease (to comparable peak
input levels of 10 to 15A).
The transition between the two modes of emission-triggered discharge, PAGD and VAD, thus appears to be tied
in to adjustable thresholds in the frequency of the emission discontinuities; in this sense, it is rather likely that the
plasma field collapse plays a major role in regularising and optimising the anomalous energies of field emissions,
as in the PAGD regime. At low frequencies of low field emission, the emission regime is highly discontinuous,
diachronic and regular, for it has time to fully extinguish the discharge; hence the PAGD singularity, in which the
phases of each discharge pulse are well defined and sequential. Above a given high frequency, when ion and
electron recombination will happen more often, before each can be collected at the electrodes, the stream of
emitted discontinuities merges into a noisy, randomised continuum, where simultaneous emissions become
possible and the plasma field no longer has time to collapse and fully resolve the longitudinal pulses. Any
anomalous energy generated is then minimised and trapped in the plasma body and, in these conditions, the VAD
regime eventually sets in. Such model would easily explain why the high field VAD experiments performed to
date have never detected such extraordinarily large anomalous forces.
On the other hand, the quasi-coherent aspect of the discharge suggests that the vacuum gap, in functioning
during the PAGD regime both as an insulator and as a conductor with capacitative and self-inductive properties, is
periodically altered by large and intense polarisations which are resolved by the discrete emission of longitudinal
pulses from the cathode. It is possible that these non-linear oscillations resulting from sudden depolarisation of
the vacuum gap by high-speed explosive emissions elicited at the convection focus of the distorted field, might be
in resonance or near resonance with the external circuitry, but the most apparent effect of increasing the
capacitance in all bridge members is to increase the jet current and the transduced current flowing into the charge
pack. The PAGD amplitude variation also presents, after the large negative discontinuity, a growing oscillation at
very high resonant frequencies, which are typical of inductive chopping currents in a VAD, before extinction
occurs. Unlike the VAD inductive case, in the absence of any coils other than the wire wound resistors, the
PAGD relaxation oscillations which follow each pulse only extinguish the discharge when the voltage potential of
the amplitude curve rises above the applied voltage, just as the plasma potential drops the most.
Given the entirely non-inductive nature of the external circuit utilised in many instances, the inductive properties in
evidence are those of the vacuum device itself. It also suggests that, in the absence of any need of an applied
external magnetic field for the PAGD discharge to occur coherently, it is possible that the magnitude of the
currents generated produces by itself a significant self-magnetic field. Thus, we cannot rule out the possibility of
a self-organisation of the plasma discharge, which may, in Prigogine's sense, constitute a dissipative structure
(Prigogine, I. and George, C. (1977), "New quantisation rules for dissipative systems", Int. J. Quantum Chem., 12
(Suppl.1):177). Such self-ordering of the PAGD plasma jet is suggested by the experimentally observed
transition of these pulses from the current saturated limit of the normal glow discharge region, into the PAGD
regime, as a function of increasing current: smaller foci of discharge can be seen to discontinuously agglutinate
into larger emission cones, or into jets with a vortex-like appearance, when the input current reaches a given
threshold.
It is possible that, under these conditions, the distribution of the charge carriers and their sudden fluctuations may
render any steady-state plasma boundary conditions ineffective and provoke a singularity in the discharge
mechanism; this non-linear behaviour, together with any self-magnetic effects, might provide radial coherence of
the plasma flow along the longitudinal path of the discharge. This concept is akin to what has been proposed for
periodically fading-away solution structures referred to as “instantons”, that represent self-organising transitions
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