Practical Guige to Free Energy Devices

In the case of water, hydrogen and oxygen produced, travel to the anode and cathode and are preferably then
removed. As such, the process according to the present invention is an economical, simple and effective way of
producing hydrogen.
The hydrogen produced in this fashion may be used as fuel, e.g. in fuel cells for the generation of electricity.
Applicant believes that hydrogen can be produced relatively inexpensively in this fashion. Fuel cell technology is
currently receiving an increased level of acceptance looking for a cheap source of the supply of hydrogen.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided the use of this 'under-liquid' plasma in one
or more of the following: chemical and/or physical treatments of matter, electrolysis, gas production, in particular
hydrogen gas production; water, fluid and/or effluent treatment; mineral extraction; sterilisation of drinking water
and/or liquid food, production of nano-particles, the enhancement of material chemical and physical properties.
According to a further related aspect of the present invention there is provided an apparatus for providing a
plasma comprising; a container in which a plasma is provideable, bubble trapping means, arranged within the
container, for trapping gas bubbles at a predetermined location in the container and, plasma creation means, in
association with the container, for creating a plasma from the gas within the bubbles.
The plasma creation means preferably comprise electrical discharge means which most preferably comprise a
cathode and/or an anode.
The apparatus, in one preferred embodiment being an electrolysis cell, further preferably comprises bubble
introduction and/or generating means, for introducing and/or generating bubbles in the container.
Furthermore, the apparatus preferably comprises one or more of the following: enhancing means for enhancing
plasma formation and one or more non-conductive partitions arranged between the electrodes, whereby the
enhancing means preferably comprise bubble trapping means most preferably associated with the electrodes and
wherein the enhancing means may also comprise current concentrating means for concentrating the electrical
current at a predetermined position in the container which can take the form of one or more channels arranged
through one or more of the electrodes.
The electrodes may take any suitable form, for example the electrodes may be so profiled as to entrap/attract
bubbles, in order to help gas bubbles being created or introduced to the discharging electrode to form a dielectric
barrier by which the voltage can be raised whereby a suitable current density is provided directly by high input of
current or passively created by a current concentrating arrangement, for example, by conducting the current
through small holes on the electrodes or by reducing the discharge surface area of the electrodes whereby in the
latter case, the electrodes may take the form of pins, wires, rods and the like.
For example, the cathode may be formed by a hollow tube with perforated holes therein, e.g. small perforated
holes. The holes allow bubbles introduced into the tube to pass out of the tube into the aqueous medium.
Alternatively a cathode may be made of wire mesh or have a roughened surface, e.g. to encourage the
attachment of bubbles thereto to slow down the movement of the bubbles.
In one embodiment there are a plurality of cathodes spaced apart from each other and in parallel with each other,
and a single rod-like anode, e.g. centrally positioned relative to the cathode.
The other electrode (non discharging) preferably has a larger surface area such than the discharging electrode.
The discharging electrode can either be cathode or anode depending on the application necessity.
In an experimental reactor the separating membrane, non-conductive partition, was nylon cleaning cloth having a
tight matrix 0.5 mm thick. This semi-permeable membrane is capable of resisting the passage of oxygen and
hydrogen ions through it in the aqueous medium, intermediate the anodes and cathodes thereby to maintain
separation of oxygen and hydrogen produced in the plasma.
Most preferably, the apparatus according to the present invention is an electrolytic cell.
A known problem with carrying out electrolysis is that any gas/bubble build up in the electrolytic cell creates a
barrier to the flow of current through the electrolyte, thereby impeding electrolysis, which increase in resistance in
turn forces the required voltage up. As such, electrolytic cells require a great deal of energy and are often very
large in order to effect dispersion of such gas/bubbles. However the present invention actively promotes such
bubble build up, in order to effect plasma creation which the inventors have shown is effective in carrying out
electrolysis.
A - 769