World Energy Outlook 2007

in the form of coking coal, grow steadily, from 46 Mtce in 2005 to 63 Mtce in
2030. Australia, with some of the lowest production costs in the world
(Figure 1.11), remains the biggest exporter of both steam coal and coking coal.
1
Figure 1.10: World Coal Production by Type in the Reference Scenario
8 000
million tonnes of coal equivalent
7 000
6 000
5 000
4 000
3 000
2 000
1 000
1 732 Mt
815 Mt
4 178 Mt
1 329 Mt
941 Mt
6 098 Mt
1 456 Mt
1 151 Mt
8 697 Mt
1 647 Mt
1 297 Mt
11 261 Mt
0
1990 2005 2015 2030
Steam coal
Coking coal
Brown coal and peat
Figure 1.11: FOB* Cash Costs and Prices of World Steam Coal from Major
Exporters, 2005
70
dollars per tonne
(at 6 350 kcal per kg NAR)
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Australia (Queensland
large opencast)
Indonesia
Colombia
South Africa
Australia (New South Wales
opencast and Queensland
small opencast)
0 100 200 300 400 480
China
million tonnes (at 6 350 kcal per kg NAR)
Australia (underground and
expensive opencast)
Russia
United States
Average cost
Average price
* Free on board (free at ship-side for the United States).
Source: IEA-CCC (2007).
Chapter 1 - Global Energy Trends 91