CORRUPTION Syndromes of Corruption
CORRUPTION Syndromes of Corruption
CORRUPTION Syndromes of Corruption
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Oligarchs and Clans 123<br />
Table 6.1: Statistical indicators for ‘‘Oligarchs and Clans’’ countries<br />
Indicator (units/range)<br />
and source Russia Philippines Mexico<br />
98-Nation<br />
median*<br />
Polity Score 1992<br />
(Hi ¼ more dem./ 0 thru 10) P 6 8 0 7.0<br />
Polity Score 2001 P 7 8 8 8.0<br />
Institutional/Social Capacity<br />
(0 thru 100) WEF 26.8 42.1 42.2 44.7<br />
Property Rights 2002<br />
(Low ¼ secure/1 thru 5) HF 4 3 3 3.0<br />
Econ Freedom 1990<br />
(hi ¼ more free/0 thru 10) FI 1.51 5.59 6.46 5.15<br />
Econ Freedom 2001 FI 5.00 6.70 6.20 6.45<br />
TI CPI, 2003 (0–10/inverted) TI 7.3 7.5 6.4 6.3*<br />
UNDP Human Dev Score 2001<br />
(0–1.00) HDR 2003 .779 .751 .800 .750<br />
GDP per capita, 2001<br />
WB $7,100 $3,840 $8,430 $5,940<br />
<strong>Corruption</strong> Control 2002<br />
( 1.89 thru 2.39) KKZ .90 .52 .19 .22<br />
Gov’t Effectiveness 2002<br />
( 1.64 thru 2.26) KKZ .40 .06 .15 .10<br />
Government Intervention 2001<br />
(1 thru 5) HF 2.5 2.0 2.0 3.0<br />
Government Regulation 2001<br />
(1 thru 5) HF 4.0 4.0 4.0 3.0<br />
Regulatory Quality 2002<br />
( 2.31 thru 1.93) KKZ .30 .10 .49 .06<br />
Voice/Accountability 2002<br />
( 2.12 thru 1.72) KKZ .52 .17 .33 .05<br />
*Medians for the 98 countries that could be classified in statistical clusters (ch. 3);<br />
for TI CPI, median is for the 89 countries included in the CPI and in clusters. Unless<br />
otherwise indicated, high scores indicate high levels <strong>of</strong> an attribute.<br />
Sources:<br />
FI ¼ Fraser Institute http://www.freetheworld.com/<br />
HDR ¼ UNDP Human Development Report 2003 http://www.undp.org/<br />
HF ¼ Heritage Foundation Index <strong>of</strong> Economic Freedom reports<br />
http://www.heritage.org/research/features/index/<br />
KKZ ¼ Kaufmann, Kraay, and Zoido-Lobatón, ‘‘Governance Matters III’’ dataset, 2002<br />
http://info.worldbank.org/governance/kkz2002/tables.asp<br />
P ¼ Polity IV dataset, 2002 update http://www.cidcm.umd.edu/inscr/polity/polreg.htm<br />
TI ¼ Transparency International <strong>Corruption</strong> Perceptions Indexes for 2001 and 2003<br />
http://www.transparency.org/<br />
WB ¼ World Bank Data Query online data source (GDP and population used to calculate<br />
GDP per capita) http://www.worldbank.org/data/dataquery.html<br />
WEF ¼ World Economic Forum, Yale Center for Environmental Law and Policy,<br />
and CIESIN (Columbia University), 2002 Environmental Sustainability Index<br />
http://www.ciesin.columbia.edu/
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