CORRUPTION Syndromes of Corruption
CORRUPTION Syndromes of Corruption
CORRUPTION Syndromes of Corruption
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Index<br />
Abe Fumio, Japanese politician 79<br />
Abramovich, Roman, Russian oligarch 126<br />
accountability 32, 89, 200, 218<br />
lack <strong>of</strong> 25, 26, 85<br />
advanced market democracies<br />
corruption in 2, 8, 14, 28, 197<br />
development indicators 56<br />
as Elite Cartel countries 52, 57<br />
Elite Cartel stage in history <strong>of</strong> 211, 216<br />
Influence Market corruption in 42,<br />
51, 190<br />
and reform models 196, 199<br />
strength <strong>of</strong> institutions 39<br />
see also developing countries; Influence<br />
Market corruption; reforming<br />
democracies<br />
Africa 31, 41<br />
corruption in 115, 189, 198<br />
Official Mogul corruption 48<br />
see also Botswana; Kenya<br />
aid agencies 18, 212–213<br />
aid, international 27, 169, 184<br />
conditionality for 212<br />
Albania 37<br />
Alsthom, French combine in Korea 109<br />
amnesties, and Oligarch and Clan reforms<br />
209<br />
anti-corruption measures 14, 17, 19–20<br />
against Oligarch and Clan corruption 45<br />
as development policy 195<br />
in Elite Cartel countries 90<br />
Germany 76<br />
Japan (weak) 82<br />
Mexico 146<br />
Philippines 143<br />
political will for 21<br />
Russia 135<br />
United States 61<br />
see also OECD; reform<br />
Aquino, Benigno 142<br />
Aquino, Corazon, President <strong>of</strong><br />
Philippines 142<br />
Argentina 14, 33<br />
armies, private 37, 45<br />
Arroyo, Gloria Macapagal, President <strong>of</strong><br />
Philippines 143<br />
Asia, nature <strong>of</strong> corruption in 189, 198<br />
Asian crisis (1997–98) 110, 181<br />
Australia 33<br />
Autonomous University <strong>of</strong> Mexico 152<br />
Banco Ambrosiano scandal, Italy 97<br />
Bank <strong>of</strong> the United States 64<br />
banks and investment markets 42<br />
checks on Official Mogul funds 213<br />
Oligarch and Clan countries 208<br />
Bejerano, René 150<br />
Belarus 14<br />
Benedicto, Robert 141<br />
Benin 189<br />
Benz, Otto 75<br />
Berezovsky, Boris, Russian oligarch 126<br />
Berlusconi, Silvio, Italian Prime<br />
Minister 102<br />
Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act (2002)<br />
(US) 65<br />
and incumbent advantage 69, 72<br />
black markets, in Oligarch and Clan<br />
countries 122<br />
Botswana 14, 33, 41, 115–117, 190<br />
administration 116<br />
corruption scandals 117<br />
democracy in 91<br />
Directorate <strong>of</strong> <strong>Corruption</strong> and Economic<br />
Crime 117<br />
economic growth 115<br />
Elite Cartel corruption 91, 115–117, 204<br />
elite political settlement 218<br />
political parties 116<br />
traditional elite 116–117<br />
Brandt, Willy 75<br />
Brauchitsch, Eberhard von 75<br />
Brazil 14<br />
Brezhnev, Leonid 132<br />
257
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