CORRUPTION Syndromes of Corruption

266 Index
scandals (cont.)
Influence Market countries 61, 63
Italy 93, 96, 98–100
Japan 61, 77, 78–80, 84
Kenya 172
Mexico 150, 151–152
Philippines 143
United States 63, 65, 200
Scandinavia 33
secret societies, Korean officer corps 105
service contracts, and corruption 27
Shigemasa Seishi, Japanese minister 79
Sibneft, Russian oil company 134
Sindona, Michele 97
Singapore 14, 33, 211, 214
small businesses 28
smuggling
China 165
Kenya 173
social consensus 197
South Korea 41, 43, 103, 214
1988 Olympic Games 109
authoritarian government 103, 104
bureaucratic corruption 104
chaebols 26, 88, 103, 106–107, 108,
110–111
civil society strengthened 113, 114, 218
compared with Japan 87, 103, 112–113
construction projects 108
democratization in 91, 103, 104,
113, 184
economic growth 106–107
electoral competition 111, 114
Elite Cartel corruption 44, 88, 91,
103–114
elite networks 103, 107, 204
institutional weakness 105
money politics 103, 106, 108, 112
New Village Movement 108, 109
officer corps secret societies 105
political hegemony 104–106
politicized economic policies 31, 88
reforms and prospects for 113–114, 205,
206, 211
regional loyalties 109
state bureaucracy 105
vote-buying (huw ŏnhoe) 107
Southeast Asia 31
Spain 14
and Philippines 138
Starovoitova, Galina V. 130
state
boundaries of 9
centrality of 188
measurement of functions 192, 215
need for enhanced capacity 22, 195
reduced to management function 19,
195, 216
state bureaucracies
China 161, 164–165
corruption within 10, 25, 131
effect of corruption on 26
in Elite Cartel countries 89, 204, 205
Indonesia 179, 180
in Influence Market countries 60
Italy 94, 98
Japan 77, 78, 80, 81, 85
and Oligarch and Clan reforms 209
Russia 131
South Korea 104, 105
see also institutions; officials
statistical indicators
Elite Cartel corruption 91, 92
governance 225
groups in relation to world economy 227
Influence Market corruption 62
Official Mogul corruption 157
Oligarch and Clan corruption 123
social 226
use of 188, 193
Stoiber, Edmund, Prime Minister of
Bavaria 76
Stroessner, Alfredo, president of Paraguay
204
Suharto, Mohammed, President of
Indonesia 177
Suharto family, wealth of 180
Sukarno, Ahmed, President of
Indonesia 177
Tan, Lucio 141
Tanaka Kakuei, prime minister of Japan
79, 82
tax collection, in Oligarch and Clan reforms
208
tax evasion 29
Germany 76
tax fraud, China 164
Thailand 41
theft, official 20, 169
Thyssen-Henschel 75
Tillman Act (1907) (US) 64
Traficant, James, US congressman 68
transitional economies 41
transparency, for Elite Cartel reforms
204, 205
Transparency International 5, 195
Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) 20,
32–35, 55
in Mexico 152