CORRUPTION Syndromes of Corruption
CORRUPTION Syndromes of Corruption
CORRUPTION Syndromes of Corruption
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260 Index<br />
Elite Cartel corruption (cont.)<br />
as interim goal for Oligarch and Clan<br />
countries 208, 209, 210, 216<br />
Italy 43, 44, 90, 93–102<br />
and political and economic change 118<br />
and predictability for elites 110–112, 117<br />
reform strategy 198, 203–206<br />
South Korea 44, 88, 91, 103–114<br />
statistical indicators 53, 91, 92<br />
variations among 190<br />
see also reforming democracies<br />
elite networks 10, 118<br />
Italy 100, 101<br />
reform measures to curtail 205–206<br />
South Korea 103, 107, 204<br />
elites<br />
and Influence Market corruption 60<br />
Korea 103<br />
and Official Mogul corruption 48<br />
political monopoly building 30<br />
and political settlements 197, 217–218<br />
threat <strong>of</strong> political change 29, 89,<br />
110–112, 117, 205<br />
embezzlement 21<br />
China 164<br />
England, accountable government 218<br />
environmental policy, in corrupt regimes 27<br />
Estrada, Joseph, president <strong>of</strong><br />
Philippines 143<br />
extortion<br />
Italy 95<br />
by police and <strong>of</strong>ficials 31<br />
factions<br />
personal 37<br />
political (Japan) 77, 80, 84<br />
FBI, and Operation ABSCAM 68<br />
Federal Corrupt Practices Act (1925)<br />
(US) 64<br />
Federal Election Campaign Act (1971)<br />
(US) 65<br />
Federal Election Commission (US) 65<br />
federal states, and Influence Market<br />
corruption 63<br />
Financial Action Task Force (FATF) 213<br />
Flick scandal, Germany 75<br />
Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (US) 79<br />
Forlani, Arnoldo 98<br />
Fox, Vicente, president <strong>of</strong> Mexico 151, 152<br />
Fraser Institute, Economic Freedom in the<br />
World (EFW) index 50<br />
fraud<br />
corporate 13<br />
<strong>of</strong>ficial 20<br />
tax 164<br />
Fridman, Mikhail, Russian oligarch 126<br />
Friedrichs, Hans 75<br />
Germany<br />
democratic weaknesses 74, 87<br />
federalism 63<br />
Influence Market corruption 61–63,<br />
74–77<br />
local party organizations 30<br />
political parties 43, 74, 75<br />
power <strong>of</strong> party leaders 74, 76<br />
scandals 74, 75–76<br />
Sozialstaat 74, 77<br />
Ghana 41<br />
Gingrich, Newt 68<br />
globalization<br />
and corruption 5, 187, 219<br />
see also economic liberalization; markets<br />
Goldenberg scandal, Kenya 172<br />
Golovlyov, Vladimir 130<br />
good governance 2, 13, 19<br />
statistical indicators 225<br />
Gryzlov, Boris, Russian Interior<br />
Minister 125<br />
Gusinsky, Vladimir, Russian oligarch<br />
126, 129<br />
Habibie, B. J., president <strong>of</strong> Indonesia 181<br />
Hakamada, Irina, Russian Deputy<br />
Speaker 125<br />
Hanbo Steel, Korean chaebol 109<br />
Hanna, Mark, political fund-raising 64<br />
health services 27<br />
Heritage Foundation, security <strong>of</strong> property<br />
rights index 50<br />
Hong Kong 33<br />
Hu Changqing, Vice-Governor <strong>of</strong><br />
Jiangxi 164<br />
Human Development Index (HDI) 32–35,<br />
34, 55, 159<br />
Hungary 14, 43<br />
Hürland-Büling, Agnes 75<br />
InDem (Information for Democracy),<br />
survey <strong>of</strong> Russian corruption 125<br />
India 14<br />
democracy 31<br />
economic transition 41<br />
Indonesia 14, 41, 178<br />
bureaucratic corruption 179, 180<br />
economic liberalization (1980s) 178, 180<br />
economy 178, 182<br />
effect <strong>of</strong> electoral competition 21,<br />
181, 184<br />
Golkar organization 177
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