CORRUPTION Syndromes of Corruption

Index 265
poverty
and corruption 28, 194
and primary exports 47
power
defense of 43
and wealth 9, 38, 156
profiteering, official, guandao (China) 160
Prokhorov, Mikhail, Russian oligarch 126
property rights 38, 50
in Oligarch and Clan reforms 208
Philippines 138
protection
Oligarch and Clan corruption 121
Russia 130
public opinion
Botswana 117
of corruption in Mexico 147
of ‘‘money politics’’ in US 67, 72, 73, 200
of political corruption in Japan 84, 85
public–private interests
China 31, 160–162
and Influence Market countries 60
and Official Mogul corruption 155
and Oligarch and Clan corruption 44
public works contracts, Japan 78
Putin, Vladimir 126, 127, 128, 136
pyramid schemes
Albania 37
Russia 129
Ramos, Fidel, president of Philippines 142
Recruit Cosmos combine, Japan 79
reform 195–214
appropriate forms of 187, 198
and assumption of institutional
sophistication 21, 152
as balance of institutions and
participation 187
conditionality in 210
‘‘consensus package’’ 216
for Elite Cartel countries 198, 205, 206
crime-prevention models 196
and cultural responses to corruption 192
and ‘‘deep democratization’’ 216–219
insecurity reduction 208, 209
in Oligarch and Clan countries 153
possibilities for in Official Mogul
countries 182–185
prescriptions for 2, 14–15, 17, 196
prospects for in China 167–169
rewards for honesty 214
risks of 195
social dimensions of 197
systemic responses 196–199
tracking changes 215–216
transparency paradigm 196
value of self-interest 212, 217
see also anti-corruption measures
reforming democracies 41
Elite Cartel corruption in 43–44
as Group 2 countries 52, 57
see also advanced market democracies;
developing countries
relativism 18
Revenue Act (1971) (US) 64
Rhee Syng Man, president of South
Korea 105
risks, in Oligarch and Clan countries
121, 210
Roh Tae Woo, president of South Korea
108, 113
Roosevelt, Theodore 64
Rostenkowski, Dan, US congressman
68–69
Ruíz Massieu, José Francisco 150
Russia 14, 41, 131
aluminum industry 128
Anti-Corruption Council 135
blat system of influence 132
bureaucratic corruption 131
business oligarchs 127–128
kompromat (evidence of corruption) 128
loans for shares scheme 127, 134
money privatization 133
Oligarch and Clan corruption in 46, 122,
124–136
oligarchs 120, 126–129, 135–136
organized crime 129–130, 132
origins of corruption in Soviet system
124, 131–132, 135
perestroika 132
privatization process 125, 127, 133–134
property rights 132, 134
protektsia by Soviet party patrons 130
Putin’s anti-democratic measures 136
reforms 135
regional variation 125
Soviet nomenklatura 125, 127, 132, 133
state institutions 134, 135
tax reforms 128
violence 130, 135, 206
voucher privatization 133
Sagawa Kyûbin scandal, Japan 79, 83
Salinas de Gortari, Carlos, president of
Mexico 145, 147
sanctions, social 30
Sato Eisaku, prime minister of Japan 79
scandals
Germany 74, 75–76