CORRUPTION Syndromes of Corruption

Table B: Social indicators
Corruption type: Indicator (unit) (source):
Influence
Markets (18)
Elite
Cartels (21)
Oligarchs and
Clans (30)
Official
Moguls (29) ANOVA p ¼
Adult literacy 2001 (%) (HDR) 98.7 93.0 73.9 69.2 .000
GDP/capita 2001 (US$) (HDR) $24,674 $12,258 $4,107 $4,031 .000
Gini index (most recent years, HDR) 31.6 42.8 44.3 42.1 .001
Life expectancy 2001 (years) (HDR) 78.2 68.6 65.5 56.2 .000
Unless otherwise indicated, higher scores indicate higher levels of attributes
Sources for tables A and B:
PL ¼ PolCon V dataset http://www-management.wharton.upenn.edu/henisz/POLCON/ContactInfo.html
FH ¼ Freedom House Freedom in the World cumulative dataset, 1972–2003 http://www.freedomhouse.org/ratings/allscore04.xls
HDR ¼ UNDP Human Development Report 2003 http://www.undp.org/
HF ¼ Heritage Foundation Index of Economic Freedom reports http://www.heritage.org/research/features/index/
KKZ ¼ Kaufmann, Kraay, and Zoido-Lobatón, ‘‘Governance Matters III’’ dataset, 2002 http://info.worldbank.org/governance/kkz2002/
tables.asp ‘‘Range’’ for KKZ variables refers only to those cases included in this analysis
P ¼ Polity IV dataset, 2002 update http://www.cidcm.umd.edu/inscr/polity/polreg.htm