International Review of Waste Management Policy - Department of ...

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data obtained from plant operating in the Netherlands with this type of
equipment installed.
Emissions data for the facilities are detailed in Table 63-12.
Table 63-12: Emissions from Incineration Facilities
International Review of Waste Policy: Annexes
WID WID compliant compliant facility facility Significantly Significantly out out-performs out performs WID WID2
mg/Nm mg/Nm3
g g / / t t waste waste1
mg/Nm mg/Nm3
g g g / / t t waste
waste
PM10 / dust 3 10.0 61.0 0.5 3.0
Dioxin (ng ITEQ/Nm 3 ) 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0
NOx 200.0 1,220.0 45.0 274.5
SO2 50.0 305.0 1.0 4.8
HF 10.0 6.1 0.0 0.0
HCl 1.0 61.0 0.5 1.2
CO 50.0 305.0 10.0 55.2
NMVOC 10.0 61.0 0.5 3.0
Total heavy metal 0.5 3.0 0.0 0.2
Notes:
1. Assumes an exhaust gas exit volume of 140 Nm 3/s, based on data provided by a
650,000 tonne per annum incinerator located in Paris (Source: ExternE)
2. Assumes the use of SCR and wet scrubbing techniques to reduce emissions
3. 70% of PM10 is assumed to be PM2.5 (Source: Chang et al)
Sources: Information Centre for Environmental Licensing (2002) Dutch Notes on BAT for the
Incineration of Waste, Report for the Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment, The
Netherlands, February 2002; European Commission (2006) Integrated Pollution Prevention and
Control: Reference Document on Best Available Techniques for the Waste Treatment Industries,
August 2006; ExternE (1999) Externalities of Energy, Vol 10: National Implementation, prepared by
CIEMAT for the European Commission, Belgium; Chang M B, Huang C K, Wu J J, and Chang S H (2000)
Characteristics of heavy metals on particles with different sizes from municipal solid waste
incineration, Journal of Hazardous Materials 79(3): pp229-239
Air pollution control residues from waste incineration facilities consist of a mix of
unspent reagents and chemicals extracted from the flue gas. They are typically
treated as hazardous waste and are usually required to be sent to hazardous waste
landfills. Chlorine, sulphur, and heavy metals are likely to be concentrated in the air
pollution control residues produced by incinerators. Ironically, the better flue gas
cleaning systems perform, the more likely it becomes that toxic materials are
concentrated in these residues.
Several recent studies indicate that long-term impacts of landfilling this hazardous
material may be significant. In a Dutch study comparing the costs and benefits of
landfill with those of incineration, the environmental damages associated with air