International Review of Waste Management Policy - Department of ...

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� £7-30 million where the avoided disposal routes are EfW; and
� £15-48 million where the avoided disposal routes are landfill.
In per household terms, therefore, one would expect inclusion of these benefits to
increase the overall benefits associated with charging schemes by:
� £0.51-£2.17 per household covered by the charging scheme where the
avoided disposal route is EfW; and
� £1.09 - £3.47 per household covered by the charging scheme where the
avoided disposal route is landfill.
Table 8-8: Monetised GHG-related Benefits from Charging in England, Recycling Only
29/09/09
Eunomia,
Eunomia,
EfW EfW
ERM ERM Low,
Low,
EfW
ERM ERM ERM High,
High,
EfW
WRAP WRAP EfW
EfW
Avoided GHG Related Damages £15,086,496 £3,640,873 £4,814,992 £10,480,340
Eunomia,
Eunomia,
Landfill
Landfill
ERM ERM Low,
Low,
Landfill
Landfill
ERM ERM ERM High,
High,
Landfill
Landfill
WRAP
WRAP
Landfill Landfill
Landfill
Avoided GHG Related Damages £24,373,133 £7,598,522 £19,430,617 £17,572,541
Source: Hogg, D., Wilson, D., Gibbs, A., Astley, M., Papineschi, J. (2006) Modelling the Impact of
Household Charging for Waste in England, Final Report to Defra.
It is clear that the potential for significant cost savings exists, and that whilst reducing
costs, charging can also increase recycling performance. This in turn has the potential
to generate significant reductions in greenhouse gases generated through improved
materials management, That being said, the figures reproduced here must be treated
as indicative, and sensitivity analysis undertaken for the Defra charging review shows
how variation in the extent and pace of uptake can affect the extent of benefits to be
derived at the national level from the implementation of household charging.
8.6 Implementation Costs
Some specific details of schemes’ costs are provided in the IWM charging review.
Costs of implementing schemes depend upon the nature of the scheme itself (sackbased,
frequency-based, weight-based, etc.). They also depend upon the nature of the
scheme already in place. This is particularly true with respect to billing. Key set up
costs include:
� Informing communities
� Equipping containers as necessary;
� Equipping vehicles as necessary;
� Billing software;
� Arranging for sale of sacks as necessary
� Introducing teams to check up on fly-tipping
� Service lines to deal with start-up queries