International Review of Waste Management Policy - Department of ...

composting and anaerobic digestion facilities in countries such as Germany and
Austria.
34.8 Complementary Policies
Key complementary policies applied in conjunction with minimum recycling standards
are as follows:
560
� Financial support to the collection systems:
29/09/09
• Producer responsibility; particularly that associated with packaging
decrees;
• Deposit refund schemes;
• Pay as you throw (where residual waste collection cost exceeds that of
recycling and biowaste collections to encourage householders to
separate and recycle their waste).
� Policy measures that discourage disposal:
• Landfill tax - increases in tax support the increasing cost-effectiveness
of collection systems;
• Landfill bans – for example the ban of biowaste means that such waste
must be separated from the remaining waste for disposal via other
methods or that the waste must be pre-treated before going to landfill;
• Pay as you throw (where residual waste collection cost exceeds that of
recycling and biowaste collections to encourage householders to
separate and recycle their waste).
� Product standards e.g. compost standards for use in agriculture require that
the biowaste is source-segregated (in Austria and many other countries) 677 ;
and
� Recycled content requirements, e.g. the Green Public Procurement policy in
Italy requires that a minimum of 30 % of the goods/products purchased by
local government must be made from recycled materials, thus helping to
develop an end-user market. 678
In addition to the above, targets for recycling, or for the amount of residual waste
collected, tend to reinforce the requirement to separately collect materials.
677 D. Hogg, J. Barth, E. Favoino, M. Centemero, V. Caimi, F. Amlinger, W. Devliegher, W. Brinton and S.
Antler (2002) Comparison of Compost Standards within the EU, North America and Australasia, report
produced for WRAP.
678 European Topic Centre on Resource and Waste Management [Online],
http://waste.eionet.europa.eu/facts/factsheets_waste/Instruments [Accessed 8th September 2008].