International Review of Waste Management Policy - Department of ...

Table 61-2: Unit Damage Costs Used / Derived in Different Studies (£/tonne)
952
Pollutant Pollutant
Pollutant
29/09/09
CSERGE CSERGE et et al
1993 1993
1993
Enviros Enviros and and EFTEC
EFTEC
(2004) (2004)
(2004)
PM (landfill) 7,650 161 1,025
PM
(incineration)
EU EU-CAFÉ EU CAFÉ
(2005) (2005)
(2005)
Low High Low High
7,650 6,119 39,425
24,667 73,333
SOx 643 2,941 4,400 12,667
NOx 628 154 977 2,600 6,667
VOCs 263 665 759 2207
CO2 1.1-8.5 9.5 38 n/a n/a
CH4 31-139 158 630 n/a n/a
Sources: CSERGE, Warren Spring Laboratory and EFTEL (1993) Externalities from Landfill and
Incineration, London: HMSO: Enviros and EFTEC (2004) Valuation Of The External Costs And Benefits
To Health And Environment Of Waste Management Options Final Report for Defra, December 2004:
AEAT Environment (2005) Damages per tonne Emission of PM2.5, NH3, SO2, NOx and VOCs from Each
EU25 Member State (excluding Cyprus) and Surrounding Seas, Report to DG Environment of the
European Commission, March 2005. 1170
61.3.2.3 Key Results
The report from HM C&E derived, from the Enviros et al study and the Enviros and
CSERGE study, values for the externalities from landfills and incineration. Results for
what is termed the Central High scenario are given in Table 61-3.
Taking the results at face value, then as Table 61-3 shows, the effect of using
relatively low unit damage costs for non-GHGs is to render nothing important other
1170 The interested reader is referred to the CAFÉ website and to the reports present there
(http://europa.eu.int/comm/environment/air/cafe/). It should be noted that independently of CAFÉ,
the Danish institute, NERI, has come up with Danish values for damages associated with PM, NOx and
SOx. In densely populated areas (towns with more than 500,000 inhabitants), they estimate damages
from PM to be as high as £193,000 per tonne and for SOx, £86,667 per tonne. The figure for NOx – at
£7,333 per tonne – is consistent with the higher end of the CAFÉ range (see M. Skou Andersen et al
(2004) Sundhedseffekter af Luftforurening – Beregningspriser, DMU Report No. 507, Copenhagen:
Danmarks Miljøundersøgelser). NERI also modelled the impact of dioxin emissions from incinerators
(see D. Jensen and N. Dengsoe (2004) Værdisætning af skadesomkostninger ved affaldsforbrænding -
en analyse af dioxiners skadelige effekter og et egneeksempel på disse effekters
samfundsøkonomiske omkostninger, TemaNord 2004:518, Copenhagen, Nordic Ministry).