International Review of Waste Management Policy - Department of ...

Management Board (CIWMB) provide grants which are funded by the Californian
State Government. Funding is also made available at the Federal level, although far
less frequently. This is through the Environmental Protection Agency’s Office of Solid
Waste and Emergency Response (OSWER). 1126 Information on the total funds
available over any time period could not be found.
Prevention Prevention Stimulating Stimulating Programme Programme ( (PREST ( PREST PRESTI) PREST )
The Government of Flanders’ PRESTI programme began in 1994. Since then a series
of PRESTI programmes have been run which have had the following OVAM (Public
Waste Agency of Flanders) budget:
915
� PRESTI 1 (1994-1997): 3,200,000 Euro
� PRESTI 2 (1997-2001): 560,000 Euro
� PRESTI 3 (1997-2002): 407,000 Euro
� PRESTI 4 (1998-2004): 1,622,000 Euro
� PRESTI 5 (2003-2008): 2,980,000 Euro
60.5 Objectives of Fund
The main reason for public sector intervention is to manage market failures, in
particular to internalise production/consumption externalities which may result from
imperfect competition within a market. This means working towards effectively
reflecting the true price of a good or service in the cost through government
intervention which should result in a more efficient allocation of resources. 1127 Insofar
as this is the case, then where waste management is concerned, in principle,
internalising externalities and implementing rational policies ought, in well-functioning
markets, to enable the market to deliver the desired outcomes. In practice, markets
do not always operate efficiently, and capital grants might be especially appropriate
as means to stimulate investment in times when the terms upon which companies
can access credit are somewhat poor, as at the time of writing.
60.5.1 Environmental Taxation
Environmental taxes are predominantly conceived as measures to ensure that the
environmental cost of an environmentally damaging procedure is reflected in the
price, though the reality remains that this is rarely the basis for setting the level of
such taxes. Revenue is occasionally ear-marked and an environmental fund is set-up.
The aim of the fund is to finance projects which work to offset the environmental or
social damage, or change behaviour, to reduce reliance on the environmentally
damaging service or product. Two UK based examples follow:
1126 United States Environmental Protection Agency (website) Available:
http://www.epa.gov/osw/conserve/rrr/imr/cdm/grants.htm
1127 European Commission DG for Regional Policy Evaluation Unit (2006) Cost-Benefit Analysis and EU
Regional Policy Main Lessons from the Experience, Draft paper prepared for the 5 th Milan European
Economy workshop 26-27 May 2006, Available:
http://florio.economia.unimi.it/Materiali/MEEW5/Mairate.doc
International Review of Waste Policy: Annexes