International Review of Waste Management Policy - Department of ...

2) Incineration, Incineration, Incineration, RMSW RMSW RMSW – WI WI WI Directive Directive Directive compliant compliant
compliant
This is an incinerator which ‘just complies’ with the emissions limit values under
the Waste Incineration Directive
3) Incineration, Incineration, Incineration, RMSW RMSW RMSW – State State-of State of of-the of the the-art the art art Flue Flue Flue Gas Gas Gas Cleaning Cleaning
Cleaning
This is an incinerator whose performance far exceeds that required the emissions
limit values under the Waste Incineration Directive;
4) MBT, MBT, Stabilisation Stabilisation of of Waste, Waste, All All Residue Residue to to Landfill Landfill (50% (50% lifetime lifetime capture)
capture)
This is a basic stabilisation facility where the principle objective is to ensure the
residue is more stable before it is landfilled, thereby reducing methane emissions.
The landfill is assumed to be the same as at 1) above. The level of stability
achieved is in line with the standard outlined in the Second Draft Biowaste
Directive, suggested as being sufficient to render waste no longer biodegradable
for the purposes of the Landfill Directive;
5) MBT, Biodrying, Biodrying, RDF to Incineration, Residue to Landfill (50% (50% lifetime lifetime capture)
capture)
This is a biodrying facility where the principle objective is to use energy from
biodegradation, as well as air passing through the mass of material, to dry the
material. The material is then subject to some sorting to derive a solid recovered
fuel which is sent for incineration. The unrecycled residue is stabilised before it is
landfilled, thereby reducing methane emissions. The landfill is assumed to be the
same as at 1) above;
6) MBT, MBT, Stabilisation Stabilisation of of Waste, Waste, All All Residue Residue to to Landfill Landfill (dedicated (dedicated cells)
cells)
This is as for 4) but the landfill is assumed to be a dedicated cell, operated with
the intention of maximising oxidation of fugitive methane (0% gas capture);
7) MBT, Biodrying, Biodrying, RDF RDF to Incineration, Residue to to Landfill (dedicated (dedicated (dedicated cells)
cells)
This is as for 5) but the landfill is assumed to be a dedicated cell, operated with
the intention of maximising oxidation of fugitive methane (0% gas capture).
The results are shown in Table 56-1. Key features are, amongst others, that:
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1. The externality assessment for landfill and ‘just-compliant’ incineration is in
line with the proposed levy rates as set out in the RIA. This is especially true for
the mid-point between the high and low damage costs. This is coincidence.
The RIA set about establishing the level of the levy through seeking to ‘more or
less equalize’ the costs of MBT, incineration and landfill. In doing this, it made
assumptions regarding the cost of those facilities. Our assessment relates only
to externalities, and makes no assumption at all about the costs of the
facilities;
2. If the incinerator is operated with state-of-the-art abatement equipment,
however, externalities are considerably reduced;
3. This is also apparent where the MBT Biodrying plant, which is deemed to send
RDF for incineration, switches the destination for the RDF from a ‘just
compliant’ incinerator to a state-of-the-art incinerator;
4. For the MBT treatments, some material is sent to landfill. The performance of
the landfill significantly affects the results:
International Review of Waste Policy: Annexes