International Review of Waste Management Policy - Department of ...

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• Mandates for the collection of specific waste fractions / streams;
• Targets for pre-treatment facilities; and
• Taxes and restrictions / bans on landfilling.
In the commercial and industrial waste areas, the key differences are that for many
industries, there is a strong link between the level of waste, and the company’s
financial performance. As such, there is a strong motivation for waste prevention in
many sectors. In addition, for many sectors, waste may be generated in relatively
large and homogeneous quantities. The question regarding management is less one
to do with which collection system to employ, and more one of the best destination for
the collected material. For commercial enterprises, the nature of collection systems
are more important, whilst the link between waste prevention and bottom line
performance is weaker, though certainly not absent.
Generally, as a consequence of these considerations, the potential for high levels of
‘landfill diversion’ (not necessarily ‘recycling’, as wastes might not always be suitable
for recycling) in the industrial sector is significant. In the commercial sector, the
potential to achieve high recycling rates ought to be greater than in the household
sector, though somewhat similar owing to the nature of the wastes.
OVAM’s activity report suggests that of industrial waste in Flanders, a significant
proportion of waste (63%) is sent initially to conditioning plants, with 16% recycled
directly and 13% used as secondary materials. Ultimately, some 13% is incinerated
and 12% landfilled, with the remainder effectively recycled, or treated in some
alternative manner.
In Germany, the “Commercial Wastes Ordinance, 2002” came into force on 1 st
January 2003, and provide a minimum separation requirement for pre-treatment
facilities receiving both municipal and commercial wastes, including specific
construction and demolition wastes. To facilitate high levels of recovery, Section 8,
Paragraph 1 of the Ordinance specifies a number of wastes which should be held,
stored, collected and hauled for recovery, separately. These wastes are: paper and
card, glass, plastic, metals and biowaste. The recovery quota is a minimum of 85% by
weight over a calendar year, and applies to the wide range of waste streams
mentioned in the Annex.
59.8 Levels of Achievement for Construction and Demolition
Wastes
Many countries report high rates of recycling for construction and demolition wastes.
Statistical data tends, however, to be of a less good quality than for, for example,
household waste, and many countries make provision for differing ranges of recovery
activity.
In the Netherlands, the general policy and framework for waste management is laid
down in the Landelijk Afvalbeheerplan (National Waste Management Plan). This
describes the general rules for all aspect of waste management, from collection to
final disposal, specifying the minimum treatment requirements for each waste
stream. For example, it specifies that, as a minimum, inert C&D waste must be
treated to achieve material recycling. The “Regeling niet-herbruikbaar en niet-
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