International Review of Waste Management Policy - Department of ...

their waste illegally. Of the 75,631 incidents reported in 2004, more than half
resulted in fines for the perpetrators. Overall the scheme is considered a success by
the authorities.
Figure 8-9: Illegal Dumping Incidents since Introduction of Volume-Based Waste Fee
in Korea
Number of Incidents
154
1,200,000
1,000,000
800,000
600,000
400,000
200,000
29/09/09
0
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Year
Source: Korea Environmental Policy Bulletin, Update Version of Issue 1, Volume 1, January 2006.
Cases of Illegal Dumping
Reschovsky and Stone (1994) find no relation between illegal dumping and charging
systems (though they find little of any effect in their study), while Van Houtven and
Morris (1999) report that ‘officials … found little to no evidence of more littering or
increased use of accessible dumpsters.’ In the Netherlands, Linderhof et al. (2001)
state that illegal dumping is virtually non-existent in Oostzaan. According to them, the
monitoring system in Oostzaan, with fines for illegal dumping, appears to be very
effective in terms of deterrence.
8.11.3 Mitigating Measures
Our experience when discussing fly-tipping with local, regional and national
authorities is that the problem has the potential to worsen after the implementation
of charging systems. The question arises as to how to control any potential increase.
The literature (specifically Appendix 2 of the Defra charging review) and discussions
with scheme operators suggest that communities which provide comprehensive and
convenient schemes for separate collection of materials for recycling and composting,
who also take a pro-active approach to dealing with illicit behaviour, and where the
marginal rates for avoiding disposal are not set too high, are likely to experience
limited problems.