International Review of Waste Management Policy - Department of ...

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happen and because a reasonable amount of time was provided to allow
vehicle producers to comply;
� Potential Potential for for phase phase out out of of other other materials: materials: materials: Further phase out of additional
materials (such as certain plastics that are difficult to recycle) could therefore
be effective based on this evidence if a clear signal and adequate time was
given for producers to comply;
� Regulation Regulation Regulation of of of all all all dismantling dismantling dismantling operations operations operations is is is crucial: crucial: crucial: The prevention of
hazardous wastes, such as coolants and oils, from entering the environment is
also a key result of the policy, and is maintained by the strict depollution
regulations. However, these regulations are only enforced at authorised
treatment facilities (ATFs). Hence the regulation and control of any dismantling
operation is a key element to maintaining environmental performance;
� Control Control of of ATFs ATFs increases increases efficiency: efficiency: efficiency: The control over ATFs has been shown to
promote efficiency and therefore increase the average recycled content of the
ELVs being processed. Therefore, this is also a key element to obtaining high
recycling and recovery rates;
� Presence Presence of of industry industry associations associations supports supports the the ELV ELV treatment treatment system: system:
In all
the countries where the policies have had the most success, such as Japan,
Sweden and the Netherlands, there are industry associations governing the
operation of the ATFs, managing free take back of ELVs and liaising with
vehicle producers. The emergence of associations can be related to the size of
the vehicle producing industry in that country. Conversely, in countries such as
Hungary and Poland, where there are still many illegally operating facilities and
the overall recycling rates are low, there are no significant industry
associations. Thus an important aspect of any successful ELV reprocessing
system is a well engaged industry association willing to take on some
responsibility and promote best practice; and
� Use Use of of mechanical mechanical separation separation separation technologies technologies to to recover recover material material from from ASR ASR is
is
considered considered the the most most cost cost effective effective way way to to meet meet future future recycling recycling and and recov recovery recov recovery
ery
targets: targets: Countries such as Japan, Korea, Sweden, Switzerland and the
Netherlands are all finding that the marginal cost of recovery from manual
dismantling increases sharply after a baseline of 80% to 85% is achieved.
Little headway has been made by manufacturers in designing components to
be easily dismantled and recycled. Thus investment is being made in postshredder
technologies whereby additional mechanical sorting of the
automotive shredder residue (ASR) is made to recover a greater range of
materials (general consensus is that mechanical sorting of the ASR is more
beneficial than energy recovery in terms of environmental performance and
the attainment of recycling and recovery rates). Investment in this type of
technology should therefore be promoted, whether it is through direct grants
from government or the EC, or by implementing regulatory drivers such as a
ban on landfilling of ASR. Furthermore, a strong link between the technology
providers / operators and vehicle manufactures is recommended to optimise
the whole system.
International Review of Waste Policy: Annexes