International Review of Waste Management Policy - Department of ...

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� There are stipulations as to which materials should be collected and with
which frequency (most notably, Flanders in Belgium).
In these cases, local variation is somewhat reduced. Some examples of how the
approach is implemented in different countries is given below.
8.2.1 Denmark
In Denmark, municipalities (local councils) are responsible for managing all waste,
including municipal waste generated in their territories. Responsibilities include
collection, transport, sorting, storage, composting, recycling, incineration, treatment
and disposal of waste.
Pursuant to the Environmental Protection Act, municipalities can determine a fee that
covers the costs of planning, establishing, operating and administrating waste
collection schemes, and of establishing and operating waste processing and disposal
facilities, the collection and registration of information, and advance payment of
planned investments in the field of waste management. As such, in almost all
municipalities, the costs of waste management are fully covered by fees.
Waste fees are typically collected on the same bill as the real estate tax. Earlier in this
decade, just 6 of the 275 municipalities were presenting a separate bill. 151
Of the municipalities that have a differentiated waste fee, most have a weight-based
payment system, a few have volume-based payment system. Approximately 10% of
Danish municipalities have weight-based schemes for household and small
company/institution waste. The first scheme was introduced in 1991 in Tinglev
municipality.
All the municipalities that have introduced a weight-based collection scheme are
small or medium-sized rural municipalities with few multi-storey buildings. Other
municipalities charge an additional fixed fee if the amount of waste set out by a
household exceeds the amount on which the fee is calculated (e.g. two bags instead
of one).
8.2.2 Italy
The National Waste Management Act (Decree 22/97, also called the Ronchi Decree)
in Italy delegates the responsibility for organising the collection, transport and
disposal of municipal and comparable waste to municipalities (Article 21). Municipal
tasks mandated by Decree 22/97 include:
� Organization of collection of MSW and its transportation to treatment and
disposal facilities. This can be done also in association with other
municipalities;
151 Eunomia (2003) To Charge or Not to Charge? Final report to IWM (EB). Referred to hereafter as the
‘IWM charging review’.
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