International Review of Waste Management Policy - Department of ...

during Construction Work came into force, recycling of C&D waste has increased from
15 % in 1985 to more than 70 % in 2006. However, it is unknown how much of this
increase can be apportioned to this policy mechanism. 834
Positive feedback from the scheme in San Jose shows that 98% of contractors
produce the relevant documents in order to allow them to receive their deposit back.
Depending on whether the project is public or private, this means that recycling rates
of 75% and 50% respectively are being achieved. 835 That having been said, these
targets are not so challenging, so that these may have already been being met in the
pre-existing situation. Even so, a useful attribute of the refunded compliance bond
policy is that it is flexible with respect to the target setting which should be achieved.
48.6 Implementation Costs
Costs will mainly be incurred by the contractor who will have to ensure that they are
adhering to the policy either through setting up source separation containers on site,
arranging collection by registered transporters or ensuring material is delivered to
certified sorting and reprocessing facilities.
The enforcing authority will also have costs for administration of the permit system,
production of awareness campaigns and resources, and enforcement officers, but no
information could be found to quantify this cost.
In the case of refunded compliance bonds, the administrative fee is expected to cover
all such costs. As stated above, in California, this is estimated as 0.3% of project
costs.
48.7 Effects on Technical Change / Innovation
As contractors have to undertake source separation of recyclables on site they may
also begin to consider the following:
685
� on-site separation practices;
� demolition methods which allow for the materials to be source separated more
easily (see Annex 45.0);
� re-using the material from demolition projects in construction projects;
� using products with recycled content in the construction phases, for example
recycled aggregate; and
� constructing buildings in such a way that allows for straightforward
disassembly, material sorting and recycling, at the end of their life, e.g.
834 Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Environment and Water Management (2006) Federal
Waste Management Plan 2006: Suitable for Nature and Mankind. Available at:
http://www.bundesabfallwirtschaftsplan.at/
835 Gruzen Samton LLP with City Green Inc. (2003) Construction and Demolition Waste Manual,
prepared for New York City Department of Design and Construction, Accessed 19 th January 2009,
http://www.nyc.gov/html/ddc/downloads/pdf/waste.pdf
International Review of Waste Policy: Annexes