International Review of Waste Management Policy - Department of ...

verbrandbaar bouw- en sloopafval” (Regulation on non-recyclable and noncombustible
C&D waste) prescribes that recyclable and combustible C&D waste
cannot be landfilled. C&D waste is defined as non-recyclable and non-combustible if
the >60 mm fraction contains more than 85% of the following materials:
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• Contaminated stony material
• EPS insulated concrete
• Thermal/acoustic insulation material based on minerals
• Tar and bitumen roof material
• Soft stony material
• Preserved wood based on “Wolman salts” (Cu, Cr, As)
• Glass
• Non-separable combinations made of at least 50% of the above materials
For demolition the “Asbestbesluit” (Asbestos Regulations) require the separate
removal and collection of asbestos. The “Regeling scheiden en gescheiden houden”
(Waste Separation and Storage Regulations) require the separation at source of
hazardous waste.
In the Netherlands, recyclable/reusable wastes from construction and demolition
have been banned from landfill since 1997. These wastes include masonry &
concrete rubble, metals, untreated wood, paper and cardboard etc. Currently, about
95% of all C&D waste is recovered.
In Germany unsorted construction and demolition wastes have been banned from
landfill sites since 2001. The Closed Substance Cycle and Waste Management Act
was an overarching legislative development in waste management in Germany,
coming into force in September 1996. Its aim was to make producers and
consumers radically rethink approaches to waste: “integrating product responsibility
through economic decision-making process, with the aim of building a life cycle
economy that avoids waste generation”. Developing from this, and in response to
pressures to improve recycling and recovery performance, a number of other
regulations have come into force, two of which are focused on here:
• Commercial Wastes Ordinance 2002
• Waste Wood Ordinance 2002
Commercial Wastes Ordinance 2002
The German Regulations, the “Commercial Wastes Ordinance, 2002” came into force
on 1 st January 2003, and provide a minimum separation requirement for pretreatment
facilities receiving both municipal and commercial wastes, including
specific construction and demolition wastes. To facilitate high levels of recovery,
Section 8, Paragraph 1 of the Ordinance specifies a number of wastes which should
be held, stored, collected and hauled for recovery, separately. These wastes are: (i)
glass, (ii) plastic, (iii) metals, (v) concrete, bricks, ceramics (or a mixture of these).
The Ordinance provides a derogation from this separation, on the basis that these
waste streams can only be mixed with those set in the Annex to the Ordinance, and
that the initial quantity and purity of the these five categories of input waste streams
are produced as separated streams for substance, or energy recovery (unless it can
be demonstrated that there is a technical reason why this is not possible).
International Review of Waste Policy: Annexes