INGLIZ TILI GRAMMATIKASI - Saytga o`tish

Atoqli va turdosh otlar
(Common and Proper Nouns)
1. Alohida shaxs yoki buyumlarning nomlari atoqli otlardir: Tash kent,
the Volga, the Caucasus, London, Peter, Uzbekistan, Russian Federation,
the Pacifi c Ocean, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern
Ireland, Olimov, Nodir.
2. Turdosh otlar bir xil turdagi buyumlarning umumiy nomidir: a boy, a
country, a tree, a house.
Turdosh otlar quyidagi guruhlarga bo‘linadi:
a) alohida buyumlarning yoki shaxslarning nomlarini bildiruvchi ot lar
(a book — books, a tree — trees) va shaxs yoki hayvonlar guruhini ifodalovchi
jamlama (a family — families, a herd — herds (poda), a crowd
— crowds (to‘da)) otlar (Collective nouns).
b) moddalarni ifodalovchi – moddiy otlar (Material Nouns):
water — suv, steel — po‘lat, wool — yung, gold — oltin.
c) belgi, harakat, holat, his, ko‘rininsh, fan, san’at va boshqalarni ifodalovchi
mavhum otlar (Abstract Nouns):
honesty — sofdillik, bravery — jasurlik, sleep — uyqu, darkness —
qorong‘ulik, love — sevgi, work — ish, winter — qish, history — tarix,
music — musiqa, mathematics — matematika.
Donalab sanaladigan va donalab sanalmaydigan otlar
(Countable and Noncountable Nouns)
1. Donalab sanaladigan otlarni sanab bo‘ladi. Ular birlik va ko‘plikda
ishlatiladi: a pen — two pens, three pens.
I’ve bought a book. Men (bitta) kitob sotib oldim.
I’ve bought two books. Men ikkita kitob sotib oldim.
There is a library in this street. Bu ko‘chada kutubxona bor.
There are very many libraries in Toshkentda ko‘p kutubxonalar bor.
Tashkent.
Birlikda kelgan donalab sanaladigan otlar yakka o‘zi ishlatilmaydi.
Ularning oldidan a, the, my, Olim’s (artikl, egalik olmoshlari yoki qarat qich
kelishigi qo‘shimchasini olgan otlar) dan biri keladi: I want a banana. (I
want banana deb bo‘lmaydi).
2. Moddiy va mavhum otlar donalab sanalmaydigan otlardir. Ular
faqat birlikda ishlatiladi:
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