INGLIZ TILI GRAMMATIKASI - Saytga o`tish

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OLMOSH Umumiy ma’lumotlar Olmosh deb, ot va sifat o‘rnida ishlatiladigan so‘zlarga aytiladi. KISHILIK OLMOSHLARI (PERSONAL PRONOUNS) 1. Kishilik olmoshlari har doim olmosh-ot bo‘lib keladi. Ularda ikki ta kelishik bor: bosh kelishik (the Nominative Case) va obyekt kelishigi (the Objective Case). Shaxs Bosh kelishik Obyekt kelishigi I II III I II III Birlikda I men — he she } u it Ko‘plikda we biz you siz they ular 158 Birlikda me — him her it Ko‘plikda us you them 2. Bosh kelishikdagi kishilik olmoshlari gapda ega va ot kesim tar kibida keladi: I saw that picture (ega). Men u suratni ko‘rdim. It is I (he, we va h.k.). Bu men (u, biz va h.k.). Izoh: Og‘zaki nutqda ot kesim tarkibida kishilik olmoshining obyektiv kelishikdagi shakli ham uchraydi: it’s me (him, us). It’s me shakli ayniqsa ko‘proq uchraydi. 3. I olmoshi har doim bosh harf bilan yoziladi. I olmoshi boshqa olmoshlar yoki otlar bilan birga kelganda, har doim ulardan keyin ishlatiladi: You and I (yoki: he and I) must be there at seven o’clock. Siz bilan men (yoki: u bilan men) soat yettida u yerda bo‘lishimiz kerak. My brother and I will help you. Akam bilan men Sizga yordam beramiz. 4. He u olmoshi erkaklarga nisbatan, she u xotin-qizlarga nisbatan, it u jonsiz buyumlarga va hayvonlarga nisbatan ishlatiladi: Peter is an engineer. He works at a factory. Piter — muhandis. U zavodda ishlaydi.
Where is Helen? — She is in the garden. Helen qayerda? — U bog‘da. The chair is broken. It is broken. Stul siniq. U siniq. The book is on the shelf. It is on the shelf. Kitob tokchada. U tokchada. The window is open. It is open. Deraza ochiq. U ochiq. The cat is under the table. It is un- Mushuk stol ostida. U stol osder the table. tida. 5. They ular olmoshi III shaxs ko‘plik uchun ishlatiladi: The students are in the corridor. Talabalar koridorda. They are in the corridor. Ular koridorda. The documents are on the table. Hujjatlar stol ustida. They are on the table. Ular stol ustida. 6. You Siz, sen olmoshi II shaxs birlik va ko‘plik uchun ishlatiladi: Children, where are you? Bolalar, qyerdasiz? Mary, where are you? Meri, qayerdasan? O‘zbek tilidagi sen olmoshiga to‘g‘ri keladigan thou (thee) olmoshi hozir og‘zaki nutqda ham, adabiyotda ham ishlatilmaydi, u faqat ko‘tarinki ruhda yozilgan she’riyatda va nasrda uchrashi mumkin. 7. Obyektiv kelishikdagi kishilik olmoshlari gapda vositasiz to‘ldiruv chi bo‘lib keladi: He saw me in the street. U meni ko‘chada ko‘rdi. I met them at the station. Men ularni stansiyada uchratdim. He showed her the picture. U unga suratni ko‘rsatdi. 8. Obyektiv kelishikdagi kishilik olmoshlari istagan predlog bilan kelishi mumkin va gapda to‘ldiruvchi bo‘lib keladi: He showed the picture to her U suratni unga ko‘rsatdi, menga and not to me. emas. The article was translated by her Maqola ular tomonidan emas, u and not by them. tomonidan tarjima qilingan. This pen is bad. I cannot write with Bu ruchka yomon. Men u bilan it. yoza olmayman. This letter is for you. Bu xat sizga (siz uchun). I have read about it. Men bu haqda o‘qiganman. I quite agree with you. Men sizga to‘liq qo‘shilaman. I have received a letter from her. Men undan xat oldim. 159
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O‘ZBEKISTON RESPUBLIKASI OLIY VA
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FE’L (THE VERB) Umumiy ma’lumot
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fe’llarning o‘tgan zamon va o
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5. To be fe’li faqat ikkita davom
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To bening o‘tgan zamondagi shakll
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I haven’t a watch. Mening soatim
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11. Og‘zaki nutqda have va has o
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Do come tonight. Bu oqshom albatta
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SHOULD 1. Should (shallning o‘tga
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Har ikkala ergash gap ham bir xil k
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I don’t understand why you should
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Would you tell me the time, please?
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He could (was able to) read French
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He may have left London. U Londonda
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I had to go there. Men u yerga bori
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The grass needs cutting. The televi
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ACTIVE INFINITIVE VA PASSIVE INFINI
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CONTINUOUS VA PERFECT CONTINUOUS IN
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I remembered to lock the door. Eshi
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I forbid you to tell him. Buni unga
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I like to go (going) to movies. Men
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tarkibida infi nitivli nominativ bo
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He proved to be a good worker. (= I
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3. Gerund otga o‘xshab o‘zidan
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2. Gapning kesimidagi ish-harakatda
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We are interested in buying your go
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Gerund bilan bir qatorda infi nitiv
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This offer is made subiect to re- S
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deny inkor etmoq discuss muhokama q
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It is of no use It is useless } It
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Gerundli iboralardagi ot yoki olmos
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SIFATDOSHLARNING YASALISHI 1. Prese
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SIFATDOSHNING ISHLATILISHI PRESENT
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Yuqoridagi sifatdoshli iboralarni e
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Being packed in strong cases (= As
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7. Past Participle to be fe’linin
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My sister having lost the key, we c
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We saw the engines being carefully
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ODDIY HOZIRGI (SIMPLE PRESENT) ZAMO
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dushan bada, in 1998 1998-yilda, du
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Og‘zaki nutqda quyidagi qisqartir
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HOZIRGI DAVOM ZAMONNING ISHLATILISH
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The Past Continuous Tense O‘tgan
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I was working in the library from t
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2. Future Continuous kelasi zamonda
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The Present Perfect Tense (Hozirgi
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5. Present Perfect since (biror vaq
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We had translated the article by fi
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We had come to an agreement on Siz
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2. Future Perfect ba’zan kelasi z
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2. Present Perfect Continuous hozir
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O‘TGAN TUGALLANGAN DAVOM ZAMONNIN
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he would have been working, we shou
Page 107 and 108: 2. Majhul nisbatning bo‘lishsiz s
Page 109 and 110: Coal is produced in many districts
Page 111 and 112: Otlarning ko‘plikdagi shakli ikki
Page 113 and 114: A new glass works has been built ne
Page 115 and 116: His clothes were wet as he had Unin
Page 117 and 118: 12. Ikkita qaratqich kelishigi (ega
Page 119 and 120: There were many students at the Maj
Page 121 and 122: My brother is an engineer. Mening a
Page 123 and 124: 9. Noaniq artikl mavhum otlar oldid
Page 125 and 126: The workers who are discharging the
Page 127 and 128: The students of our Institute learn
Page 129 and 130: TURDOSH OTLAR OLDIDA ARTIKLNING ISH
Page 131 and 132: He is playing chess. U shaxmat o‘
Page 133 and 134: Alohida tog‘ cho‘qqilari artikl
Page 135 and 136: 24. Aeroport va temir yo‘l stansi
Page 137 and 138: He had heart attack. Uning yuragi x
Page 139 and 140: The last they had heard of him was
Page 141 and 142: Most of the fl owers in the garden
Page 143 and 144: SIFAT (THE ADJECTIVE) Umumiy ma’l
Page 145 and 146: c) agar sifat undoshdan keyin kelga
Page 147 and 148: 13. Sifatlarning ozroq yoki eng oz
Page 149 and 150: No sooner had we started out for Bi
Page 151 and 152: ) -se, -ss qo‘shimchalari bilan t
Page 153 and 154: 5. Hundred, thousand, million sonla
Page 155 and 156: Tartib son bilan kelgan ot oldidan
Page 157: Surat birdan katta son bo‘lganda,
Page 161 and 162: 5. O‘zbek tilida egalik olmoshlar
Page 163 and 164: 3. This va these olmoshlari gapiruv
Page 165 and 166: SO‘ROQ OLMOSHLARI (INTERROGATIVE
Page 167 and 168: 15. What qanday ma’nosida olmosh-
Page 169 and 170: The article that (which) I translat
Page 171 and 172: This is the book the professor refe
Page 173 and 174: Some of the fi rst-year students ar
Page 175 and 176: o‘lganda fe’l bo‘lishli shakl
Page 177 and 178: 5. Much va many ega hamda egaga ani
Page 179 and 180: ALL OLMOSHI 1. All olmoshi olmosh-s
Page 181 and 182: Both these steamers were built in L
Page 183 and 184: 2) Neither Men ham =Neither do I ib
Page 185 and 186: ONE OLMOSHI 1. One olmoshi olmosh-o
Page 187 and 188: RAVISH Umumiy ma’lumotlar 1. Ravi
Page 189 and 190: Has he read much? U ko‘p o‘qiga
Page 191 and 192: Are you going anywhere else after B
Page 193 and 194: Ayrim ravishlar ikki xil shaklga eg
Page 195 and 196: I work best in the morning. Men ert
Page 197 and 198: Before oldin, ilgari, lately yaqind
Page 199 and 200: He is looking at the child. U bolag
Page 201 and 202: About 1. haqida, to‘g‘risida: I
Page 203 and 204: They built a new bridge across the
Page 205 and 206: AMONG (AMONGST) orasida, o‘rtasid
Page 207 and 208: to be shocked (amazed, astonished)
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BELOW 1. ostida, past (antonimi abo
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3. -gacha (ish-harakat tamom bo‘l
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3. pastga (harakat fe’llari bilan
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I am for your proposal. Men sizning
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negotiations for uchun muzokaralar
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) -dan keyin: The train will be lea
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5. in predlogi bilan kelgan iborala
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I looked into the box, but there wa
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to remind of (about) -ni eslatmoq t
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I upset the bottle and it Men shish
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to get on yurishmoq, chiqishmoq, mu
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to drop out of tash- lamoq, -dan ch
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2. ko ‘p, ziyod, oshiq (antonimi
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2. O‘shandan buyon degan ma’nod
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to belong to -ga tegishli, qarashli
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He went to the shop. U do‘konga k
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to look up (lug‘atdan) qidirmoq I
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to supply (provide) with — bilan
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3. Without bilan kelgan iboralar: w
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subject to — bo‘lsa, sharti bil
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Izoh: Mustaqil sodda gaplarni bir-b
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unless agar, -masa I shall go there
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SHAKLI BIR-BIRIGA MOS KELADIGAN BOG
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SODDA GAP (THE SIMPLE SENTENCE) YIG
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IT SOXTA EGASI O‘zbek tilida Qish
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One should be careful when Yo‘lni
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Qo‘shma fe’l-kesim quyidagicha
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noaniq artikl bilan keladi, ko‘pl
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7. Agar ega jamlama otdan yasalgan
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IKKINCHI DARAJALI BO‘LAKLAR To‘
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it SOXTA TO‘LDIRUVCHISI Ba’zi t
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Bu gapdagi bridges egasining uchta
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4. Harakatning sodir bo‘lish saba
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Gapda predlogli vositali to‘ldiru
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I returned him the book which he ha
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2. Muallif gapi ko‘chirma gapdan
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7. So do I, Neither do I kabi gapla
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We found nobody (no one) at home. 2
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Darak gaplar Umumiy so‘roq gaplar
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Have you not seen him? Nahotki, uni
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How many? Nechta? How long? Qancha
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2. Eganing aniqlovchisiga berilgan
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MAXSUS SO‘ROQ GAPLARNING BO‘LIS
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At last you have returned! Nihoyat
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The book you gave me is very intere
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2. Ko‘pincha that bog‘lovchisi
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3. Ko‘chirma gapdagi kishilik va
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6. Ko‘chirma gapni o‘zlashtirma
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Agar ko‘chirma gap akasi ishlaydi
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He asked me, «What is the He asked
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I know the man whom you mean. Kim h
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6. Who olmoshi kamdan-kam hollarda
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As soon as we receive your telegram
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Bosh gapdagi kesim hozirgi yoki kel
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REAL SHART GAPLAR 1. Real shart gap
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3. Ish-harakatning yuz berish ehtim
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Why didn’t you tell me about it?
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2. Agar ergash gap that bog‘lovch
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WISH GAPLAR Wish noreal shart gapga
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In all probability, the steamer wil
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He said: «We agree to accept your
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SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE NOTO‘G‘RI
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MUNDARIJA FE‘L . . . . . . . . .
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Shakli bir-biriga mos keladigan bog
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INGLIZ TILI GRAMMATIKASI - Saytga o`tish

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