INGLIZ TILI GRAMMATIKASI - Saytga o`tish

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4. Muqobil so‘roq gaplar so‘roq so‘zlar bilan ham boshlanishi mumkin. Bunday so‘roq gaplar maxsus so‘roq gap va ikkita uyushuq bo‘lakdan iborat bo‘ladi: Where did you spend your leave: in the Crimea or in the Caucasus? Ta’tilingizni qayerda o‘tkazdingiz: Qrimdami yoki Kavkazda? Which do you like: tea or coffee? Qaysini yoqtirasiz: choynimi yoki kofeni? Which is he doing: resting or U nima qilayapti: dam olayaptimi working? yoki ishlayaptimi? Buyruq gaplar (Imperative sentences) 1. Buyruq gaplar hamsuhbatni biror ish qilishga undaydi. Ular buyruqni, iltimosni, taqiqlashni va boshqalarni ifodalaydi. Buyruq gaplar bo‘lishli yoki bo‘lishsiz bo‘lishi mumkin. Buyruq gaplarda fe’l buyruq maylida ishlatiladi. Buyruq gaplarda so‘z tartibi darak gaplarnikiga o‘x shaydi, ammo ularda ega (you) bo‘lmaydi va bu gaplar kesimdan boshlanadi: Open the book. Kitobni oching. Put the dictionary on the shelf. Lug‘atni tokchaga qo‘ying. Don’t be late, please. Iltimos, kechikmang. 2. Iltimosni ifodalash uchun buyruq gaplarning oxirida ko‘pincha will you? yoki won’t you? ishlatiladi: Come here, will you? Iltimos, bu yoqqa keling. Fetch me a chair, won’t you? Iltimos, menga stul olib keling. 3. Iltimosni ifodalash uchun will yoki would bilan boshlangan so‘roq gaplar ham ishlatiladi: Will you come here? Iltimos, bu yoqqa keling. Will you fetch me a chair, please? Iltimos, menga kursi olib keling. Would you be good enough to Iltimos, derazani yopib yuboring. close the window? Would you mind lending me your dictionary? Undov gaplar (Exclamatory dentences) 294 Iltimos, menga lug‘atingizni berib turing. 1. Har qanday darak gapni undov gapga aylantirsa bo‘ladi. Undov gaplar kuchli hissiyot bilan aytiladi. Ularda ajablanish, zavqlanish, g‘azablanish va boshqa hislar ifoda etiladi:
At last you have returned! Nihoyat qaytib keldingiz! Have you ever seen such weather! Bunday havoni ko‘rganmisiz! Hurry up! Shoshiling! 2. Undov gaplar ko‘pincha what qanday, how qanchalik olmoshlari bilan boshlanadi. Bunday undov gaplarda ega, darak gaplardagidek kesimdan oldin keladi: What a large house that is! Bu qanday katta uy! What clever people they are! Ular qanday aqlli odamlar! What beautiful hair she has got! Uning qanday chiroyli sochi bor! How well she sings! U qanchalik yaxshi kuylaydi! How clever he is! Qanchalik aqlli u! 3. Whatdan keyin keladigan donalab sanaladigan birlikdagi ot noaniq artikl bilan keladi, donalab sanaladigan ko‘plikdagi ot va donalab sanalmaydigan otlar esa artiklsiz keladi: What a foolish mistake Qanday ahmoqona xato qilibman! I have made! What foolish mistakes Qanday ahmoqona xatolar qilib- I have made! man! What beautiful weather Qanday yaxshi havo! we are ha ving! 4. How bilan aniqlanadigan sifat va ravishlar bevosita howdan keyin keladi: How quickly you walk! Qanchalik tez yurasiz! How clever he is! Qanchalik aqlli u! 5. Ot-kesimli undov gaplarda ega bilan bog‘lovchi fe’l tushib qolishi mumkin: What a fi ne building (that is)! Qanday chiroyli bino u! How cold (it is)! QO‘SHMA GAPLAR Qo‘shma gaplar butun bir murakkab fi krni ifodalovchi ikki yoki undan ortiq sodda gaplardan iborat bo‘ladi. Qo‘shma gaplar ikki xil bo‘ladi: bog‘langan qo‘shma gaplar (Compound Sentences) va ergashgan qo‘shma gaplar (Complex Sentences). 295
Page 1 and 2:
O‘ZBEKISTON RESPUBLIKASI OLIY VA
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FE’L (THE VERB) Umumiy ma’lumot
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fe’llarning o‘tgan zamon va o
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5. To be fe’li faqat ikkita davom
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To bening o‘tgan zamondagi shakll
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I haven’t a watch. Mening soatim
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11. Og‘zaki nutqda have va has o
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Do come tonight. Bu oqshom albatta
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SHOULD 1. Should (shallning o‘tga
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Har ikkala ergash gap ham bir xil k
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I don’t understand why you should
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Would you tell me the time, please?
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He could (was able to) read French
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He may have left London. U Londonda
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I had to go there. Men u yerga bori
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The grass needs cutting. The televi
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ACTIVE INFINITIVE VA PASSIVE INFINI
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CONTINUOUS VA PERFECT CONTINUOUS IN
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I remembered to lock the door. Eshi
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I forbid you to tell him. Buni unga
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I like to go (going) to movies. Men
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tarkibida infi nitivli nominativ bo
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He proved to be a good worker. (= I
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3. Gerund otga o‘xshab o‘zidan
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2. Gapning kesimidagi ish-harakatda
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We are interested in buying your go
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Gerund bilan bir qatorda infi nitiv
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This offer is made subiect to re- S
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deny inkor etmoq discuss muhokama q
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It is of no use It is useless } It
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Gerundli iboralardagi ot yoki olmos
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SIFATDOSHLARNING YASALISHI 1. Prese
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SIFATDOSHNING ISHLATILISHI PRESENT
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Yuqoridagi sifatdoshli iboralarni e
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Being packed in strong cases (= As
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7. Past Participle to be fe’linin
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My sister having lost the key, we c
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We saw the engines being carefully
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ODDIY HOZIRGI (SIMPLE PRESENT) ZAMO
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dushan bada, in 1998 1998-yilda, du
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Og‘zaki nutqda quyidagi qisqartir
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HOZIRGI DAVOM ZAMONNING ISHLATILISH
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The Past Continuous Tense O‘tgan
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I was working in the library from t
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2. Future Continuous kelasi zamonda
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The Present Perfect Tense (Hozirgi
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5. Present Perfect since (biror vaq
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We had translated the article by fi
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We had come to an agreement on Siz
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2. Future Perfect ba’zan kelasi z
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2. Present Perfect Continuous hozir
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O‘TGAN TUGALLANGAN DAVOM ZAMONNIN
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he would have been working, we shou
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2. Majhul nisbatning bo‘lishsiz s
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Coal is produced in many districts
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Otlarning ko‘plikdagi shakli ikki
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A new glass works has been built ne
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His clothes were wet as he had Unin
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12. Ikkita qaratqich kelishigi (ega
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There were many students at the Maj
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My brother is an engineer. Mening a
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9. Noaniq artikl mavhum otlar oldid
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The workers who are discharging the
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The students of our Institute learn
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TURDOSH OTLAR OLDIDA ARTIKLNING ISH
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He is playing chess. U shaxmat o‘
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Alohida tog‘ cho‘qqilari artikl
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24. Aeroport va temir yo‘l stansi
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He had heart attack. Uning yuragi x
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The last they had heard of him was
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Most of the fl owers in the garden
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SIFAT (THE ADJECTIVE) Umumiy ma’l
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c) agar sifat undoshdan keyin kelga
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13. Sifatlarning ozroq yoki eng oz
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No sooner had we started out for Bi
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) -se, -ss qo‘shimchalari bilan t
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5. Hundred, thousand, million sonla
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Tartib son bilan kelgan ot oldidan
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Surat birdan katta son bo‘lganda,
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Where is Helen? — She is in the g
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5. O‘zbek tilida egalik olmoshlar
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3. This va these olmoshlari gapiruv
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SO‘ROQ OLMOSHLARI (INTERROGATIVE
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15. What qanday ma’nosida olmosh-
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The article that (which) I translat
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This is the book the professor refe
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Some of the fi rst-year students ar
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o‘lganda fe’l bo‘lishli shakl
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5. Much va many ega hamda egaga ani
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ALL OLMOSHI 1. All olmoshi olmosh-s
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Both these steamers were built in L
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2) Neither Men ham =Neither do I ib
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ONE OLMOSHI 1. One olmoshi olmosh-o
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RAVISH Umumiy ma’lumotlar 1. Ravi
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Has he read much? U ko‘p o‘qiga
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Are you going anywhere else after B
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Ayrim ravishlar ikki xil shaklga eg
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I work best in the morning. Men ert
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Before oldin, ilgari, lately yaqind
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He is looking at the child. U bolag
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About 1. haqida, to‘g‘risida: I
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They built a new bridge across the
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AMONG (AMONGST) orasida, o‘rtasid
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to be shocked (amazed, astonished)
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BELOW 1. ostida, past (antonimi abo
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3. -gacha (ish-harakat tamom bo‘l
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3. pastga (harakat fe’llari bilan
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I am for your proposal. Men sizning
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negotiations for uchun muzokaralar
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) -dan keyin: The train will be lea
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5. in predlogi bilan kelgan iborala
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I looked into the box, but there wa
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to remind of (about) -ni eslatmoq t
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I upset the bottle and it Men shish
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to get on yurishmoq, chiqishmoq, mu
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to drop out of tash- lamoq, -dan ch
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2. ko ‘p, ziyod, oshiq (antonimi
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2. O‘shandan buyon degan ma’nod
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to belong to -ga tegishli, qarashli
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He went to the shop. U do‘konga k
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to look up (lug‘atdan) qidirmoq I
Page 243 and 244: to supply (provide) with — bilan
Page 245 and 246: 3. Without bilan kelgan iboralar: w
Page 247 and 248: subject to — bo‘lsa, sharti bil
Page 249 and 250: Izoh: Mustaqil sodda gaplarni bir-b
Page 251 and 252: unless agar, -masa I shall go there
Page 253 and 254: SHAKLI BIR-BIRIGA MOS KELADIGAN BOG
Page 255 and 256: SODDA GAP (THE SIMPLE SENTENCE) YIG
Page 257 and 258: IT SOXTA EGASI O‘zbek tilida Qish
Page 259 and 260: One should be careful when Yo‘lni
Page 261 and 262: Qo‘shma fe’l-kesim quyidagicha
Page 263 and 264: noaniq artikl bilan keladi, ko‘pl
Page 265 and 266: 7. Agar ega jamlama otdan yasalgan
Page 267 and 268: IKKINCHI DARAJALI BO‘LAKLAR To‘
Page 269 and 270: it SOXTA TO‘LDIRUVCHISI Ba’zi t
Page 271 and 272: Bu gapdagi bridges egasining uchta
Page 273 and 274: 4. Harakatning sodir bo‘lish saba
Page 275 and 276: Gapda predlogli vositali to‘ldiru
Page 277 and 278: I returned him the book which he ha
Page 279 and 280: 2. Muallif gapi ko‘chirma gapdan
Page 281 and 282: 7. So do I, Neither do I kabi gapla
Page 283 and 284: We found nobody (no one) at home. 2
Page 285 and 286: Darak gaplar Umumiy so‘roq gaplar
Page 287 and 288: Have you not seen him? Nahotki, uni
Page 289 and 290: How many? Nechta? How long? Qancha
Page 291 and 292: 2. Eganing aniqlovchisiga berilgan
Page 293: MAXSUS SO‘ROQ GAPLARNING BO‘LIS
Page 297 and 298: The book you gave me is very intere
Page 299 and 300: 2. Ko‘pincha that bog‘lovchisi
Page 301 and 302: 3. Ko‘chirma gapdagi kishilik va
Page 303 and 304: 6. Ko‘chirma gapni o‘zlashtirma
Page 305 and 306: Agar ko‘chirma gap akasi ishlaydi
Page 307 and 308: He asked me, «What is the He asked
Page 309 and 310: I know the man whom you mean. Kim h
Page 311 and 312: 6. Who olmoshi kamdan-kam hollarda
Page 313 and 314: As soon as we receive your telegram
Page 315 and 316: Bosh gapdagi kesim hozirgi yoki kel
Page 317 and 318: REAL SHART GAPLAR 1. Real shart gap
Page 319 and 320: 3. Ish-harakatning yuz berish ehtim
Page 321 and 322: Why didn’t you tell me about it?
Page 323 and 324: 2. Agar ergash gap that bog‘lovch
Page 325 and 326: WISH GAPLAR Wish noreal shart gapga
Page 327 and 328: In all probability, the steamer wil
Page 329 and 330: He said: «We agree to accept your
Page 331 and 332: SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE NOTO‘G‘RI
Page 333 and 334: MUNDARIJA FE‘L . . . . . . . . .
Page 335 and 336: Shakli bir-biriga mos keladigan bog
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INGLIZ TILI GRAMMATIKASI - Saytga o`tish

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