INGLIZ TILI GRAMMATIKASI - Saytga o`tish

BO‘LISHSIZ DARAK GAPLAR
1. Bo‘lishsiz gaplarda kesim bo‘lishsiz shaklda keladi. Not inkor
yuklamasi kesim tarkibidagi yordamchi yoki modal fe’ldan keyin qo‘yiladi.
Agar kesim tarkibida yordamchi yoki modal fe’l bo‘lmasa (Simple Present
yoki Simple Past), do, does yoki did yordamchi fe’llari olinadi. Asosiy
fe’lning to yuklamasisiz shakli ishlatiladi. Og‘zaki nutqda not yordamchi
fe’l yoki modal fe’llar bilan qo‘shilib ketadi:
I have not (haven’t) seen him to-
day.
282
Men uni bugun ko‘rganim
yo‘q.
He is not (isn’t) waiting for you. U sizni kutmayapti.
Ali will not (won’t) go there. Ali u yerga bormaydi.
She cannot (can’t) come today. U bugun kela olmaydi.
He does not (doesn’t) work here. U bu yerda ishlamaydi.
They did not (didn’t) tell me about Ular menga bu haqda
it.
gapirishmadi.
2. Agar kesimda ikki va undan ortiq yordamchi fe’l bo‘lsa not yuklamasi
birinchi yordamchi fe’ldan keyin qo‘yiladi:
It has not been done yet. Bu hali bajarilmadi.
He will not have fi nished
U soat beshgacha ishini
his work by fi ve o’clock.
tugata olmaydi.
3. Ingliz tilida bo‘lishsizlik not yuklamasini emas, bo‘lishsiz olmoshlar
— no, nobody, no one, nothing, bo‘lishsiz ravishlar — never, nowhere,
va bo‘g‘lovchilar neither … nor yordamida ham yasaladi. Bu holda kesim
bo‘lishli shaklda bo‘ladi, chunki ingliz tilida bitta gapda faqat bitta inkor
bo‘lishi mumkin:
I received no letters yesterday. Men kecha hech qanday xat olmadim.
No one (nobody) has seen it. Buni hech kim ko‘rmagan.
Nothing has happened. Hech norsa (sodir) bo‘lmadi.
I have never heard about it. Men bu haqda hech qachon eshitma-
ganman.
Neither Peter nor Mary
Bu haqda menga na Piter, na Meri
told me about it.
biror narsa demadi.
4. Bo‘lishsiz olmoshlar, ravishlar va bog‘lovchilar bilan yasalgan
bo‘lishsiz gaplar boshqa gaplar bilan quyidagicha almashtirilishi mumkin:
I received no letters yesterday. = I did not receive any letters
yesterday.
Men kecha hech qanday xat olmadim.