INGLIZ TILI GRAMMATIKASI - Saytga o`tish

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She lives in London. U Londonda yashaydi. He is working in the library. U kutubxonada ishlayapti . They were invited to the concert. Ular konsertga taklif qilinishdi. My sister was here in the morning. Mening opam ertalab shu yerda edi. Buyruq maylidagi fe’llar ham fe’lning shaxsi ma’lum shakliga kiradi, chunki u gapda tushirib qoldirilayotgan ega you ning kesimidir: Close the window, please. 2. Fe’lning shaxsi noma’lum shakliga — infi nitiv (the Infi nitive) harakat nomi, gerund (the Gerund) va sifatdosh (the Participle) kiradi. Ularda shaxs, son va mayl yo‘q va ular gapda mustaqil ravishda kesim bo‘lib kela olmaydi: I have come here to speak to you Men bu yerga siz bilan gaplash- (infi nitiv gapda maqsad holi). We discussed different methods of teaching foreign languages (gerund aniqlovchi). The book lying on the table belongs to Mr. A. (aniqlovchi). 4 gani keldim. Fe’lning asosiy shakllari Biz xorijiy tillarni o‘qitishning turli uslublarini muhokama qildik. Stol ustida yotgan kitob Mr. A.ga qarashli. Ingliz tilida fe’lning uchta asosiy shakli bor: infi nitiv (the Infi nitive), oddiy o‘tgan zamondagi shakli (Simple Past) va o‘tgan zamon sifatdoshi shakli (Past Participle). Ular barcha zamon shakllarini yasashda ishlatiladi. To‘g‘ri va noto‘g‘ri fe’llar 1. Fe’llar oddiy o‘tgan zamon (Simple Past) va o‘tgan zamon sifatdosh (Past Participle) shakllarining yasalishiga qarab to‘g‘ri va noto‘g‘ri fe’llarga bo‘linadi. 2. To‘g‘ri fe’llarning Simple Past va Past Participle shakllari fe’l o‘zagiga -ed qo‘shimchasini qo‘shish bilan yasaladi. Infi nitive Simple Past Past Participle to open to work to expect opened worked expected opened worked expected 3. Simple Past va Past Participle shakllari -ed qo‘shimchasini qo‘sh masdan, turli yo‘llar bilan yasaladigan fe’llar noto‘g‘ri fe’llar deyiladi. Noto‘g‘ri
fe’llarning o‘tgan zamon va o‘tgan zamon sifatdoshi shakllarini biz darsliklardagi maxsus jadvallardan yoki lug‘atdan o‘rganamiz. Jadvaldagi fe’lning ikkinchi shakli Simple Past shakli, uchinchi shakli esa Past Participle shaklidir. Lug‘atlarda esa noto‘g‘ri fe’llarning Simple Past va Past Participle shakllari fe’lning asosiy shakli va o‘qilishidan keyin kichik qavs ( ) ichida berilgan bo‘ladi. Kichik qavs ichidagi birinchi shakl fe’lning Simple Past shakli, ikkinchi shakl esa fe’lning Past Participle shaklidir. Agar kichik qavs ichida faqat bitta shakl berilgan bo‘lsa, shu bitta shakl ham Simple Past uchun, ham Past Participle uchun ishlatiladi: go [gou] 1. v (went; gone) 1) bormoq send [send] 1. v (sent) 1) jo‘natmoq. FE’L TURLARI 1. Ma’nosiga va gapdagi vazifasiga ko‘ra fe’llar quyidagi turlarga bo‘ linadi: asosiy fe’llar, yordamchi fe’llar, bog‘lovchi fe’llar va modal fe’llar. 2. Asosiy fe’llar (Notional Verbs) mustaqil ma’noga ega bo‘lib, gapda yakka o‘zi sodda kesim bo‘lib keladi: He speaks French. U fransuzcha gapiradi. They returned yesterday. Ular kecha qaytib kelishdi. 3. Yordamchi fe’llar (Auxilliary Verbs) mustaqil ma’noga ega bo‘lmasdan, fe’lning murakkab shakllarini yasashda yordam beradi. Ularga quyidagi fe’llar kiradi: to be, to have, to do, shall (should), will (would): She is working in the garden. U bog‘da ishlayapti. I have read the book. Men kitobni o‘qib chiqdim. I do not know it. Men buni bilmayman. He will speak to his friend. U do‘sti bilan gaplashadi. 4. Bog‘lovchi fe’llar (Link Verbs) ot-kesim yasashda bog‘lovchi bo‘lib keladi. Eng ko‘p ishlatiladigan bog‘lovchi fe’l to be fe’lidir: He is an engineer. U — muhandis. The box was heavy. Quti og‘ir edi. 5. Modal fe’llar (Modal Verbs) fe’lning asosiy shakli (infi nitive) bilan birga keladi va asosiy fe’l ifodalagan ish-harakatning sodir bo‘lish imkoniyatini, ehtimolligini, zaruratini, xohishni bildiradi. Ularga can, may, must, ought to, need kiradi. Modal fe’llar fe’lning asosiy shakli bilan gapda qo‘shma fe’l-kesim bo‘lib keladi: 5
Page 1 and 2: O‘ZBEKISTON RESPUBLIKASI OLIY VA
Page 3: FE’L (THE VERB) Umumiy ma’lumot
Page 7 and 8: 5. To be fe’li faqat ikkita davom
Page 9 and 10: To bening o‘tgan zamondagi shakll
Page 11 and 12: I haven’t a watch. Mening soatim
Page 13 and 14: 11. Og‘zaki nutqda have va has o
Page 15 and 16: Do come tonight. Bu oqshom albatta
Page 17 and 18: SHOULD 1. Should (shallning o‘tga
Page 19 and 20: Har ikkala ergash gap ham bir xil k
Page 21 and 22: I don’t understand why you should
Page 23 and 24: Would you tell me the time, please?
Page 25 and 26: He could (was able to) read French
Page 27 and 28: He may have left London. U Londonda
Page 29 and 30: I had to go there. Men u yerga bori
Page 31 and 32: The grass needs cutting. The televi
Page 33 and 34: ACTIVE INFINITIVE VA PASSIVE INFINI
Page 35 and 36: CONTINUOUS VA PERFECT CONTINUOUS IN
Page 37 and 38: I remembered to lock the door. Eshi
Page 39 and 40: I forbid you to tell him. Buni unga
Page 41 and 42: I like to go (going) to movies. Men
Page 43 and 44: tarkibida infi nitivli nominativ bo
Page 45 and 46: He proved to be a good worker. (= I
Page 47 and 48: 3. Gerund otga o‘xshab o‘zidan
Page 49 and 50: 2. Gapning kesimidagi ish-harakatda
Page 51 and 52: We are interested in buying your go
Page 53 and 54: Gerund bilan bir qatorda infi nitiv
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This offer is made subiect to re- S
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deny inkor etmoq discuss muhokama q
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It is of no use It is useless } It
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Gerundli iboralardagi ot yoki olmos
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SIFATDOSHLARNING YASALISHI 1. Prese
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SIFATDOSHNING ISHLATILISHI PRESENT
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Yuqoridagi sifatdoshli iboralarni e
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Being packed in strong cases (= As
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7. Past Participle to be fe’linin
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My sister having lost the key, we c
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We saw the engines being carefully
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ODDIY HOZIRGI (SIMPLE PRESENT) ZAMO
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dushan bada, in 1998 1998-yilda, du
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Og‘zaki nutqda quyidagi qisqartir
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HOZIRGI DAVOM ZAMONNING ISHLATILISH
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The Past Continuous Tense O‘tgan
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I was working in the library from t
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2. Future Continuous kelasi zamonda
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The Present Perfect Tense (Hozirgi
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5. Present Perfect since (biror vaq
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We had translated the article by fi
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We had come to an agreement on Siz
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2. Future Perfect ba’zan kelasi z
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2. Present Perfect Continuous hozir
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O‘TGAN TUGALLANGAN DAVOM ZAMONNIN
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he would have been working, we shou
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2. Majhul nisbatning bo‘lishsiz s
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Coal is produced in many districts
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Otlarning ko‘plikdagi shakli ikki
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A new glass works has been built ne
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His clothes were wet as he had Unin
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12. Ikkita qaratqich kelishigi (ega
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There were many students at the Maj
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My brother is an engineer. Mening a
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9. Noaniq artikl mavhum otlar oldid
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The workers who are discharging the
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The students of our Institute learn
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TURDOSH OTLAR OLDIDA ARTIKLNING ISH
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He is playing chess. U shaxmat o‘
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Alohida tog‘ cho‘qqilari artikl
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24. Aeroport va temir yo‘l stansi
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He had heart attack. Uning yuragi x
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The last they had heard of him was
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Most of the fl owers in the garden
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SIFAT (THE ADJECTIVE) Umumiy ma’l
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c) agar sifat undoshdan keyin kelga
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13. Sifatlarning ozroq yoki eng oz
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No sooner had we started out for Bi
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) -se, -ss qo‘shimchalari bilan t
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5. Hundred, thousand, million sonla
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Tartib son bilan kelgan ot oldidan
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Surat birdan katta son bo‘lganda,
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Where is Helen? — She is in the g
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5. O‘zbek tilida egalik olmoshlar
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3. This va these olmoshlari gapiruv
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SO‘ROQ OLMOSHLARI (INTERROGATIVE
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15. What qanday ma’nosida olmosh-
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The article that (which) I translat
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This is the book the professor refe
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Some of the fi rst-year students ar
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o‘lganda fe’l bo‘lishli shakl
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5. Much va many ega hamda egaga ani
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ALL OLMOSHI 1. All olmoshi olmosh-s
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Both these steamers were built in L
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2) Neither Men ham =Neither do I ib
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ONE OLMOSHI 1. One olmoshi olmosh-o
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RAVISH Umumiy ma’lumotlar 1. Ravi
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Has he read much? U ko‘p o‘qiga
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Are you going anywhere else after B
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Ayrim ravishlar ikki xil shaklga eg
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I work best in the morning. Men ert
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Before oldin, ilgari, lately yaqind
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He is looking at the child. U bolag
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About 1. haqida, to‘g‘risida: I
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They built a new bridge across the
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AMONG (AMONGST) orasida, o‘rtasid
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to be shocked (amazed, astonished)
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BELOW 1. ostida, past (antonimi abo
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3. -gacha (ish-harakat tamom bo‘l
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3. pastga (harakat fe’llari bilan
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I am for your proposal. Men sizning
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negotiations for uchun muzokaralar
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) -dan keyin: The train will be lea
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5. in predlogi bilan kelgan iborala
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I looked into the box, but there wa
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to remind of (about) -ni eslatmoq t
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I upset the bottle and it Men shish
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to get on yurishmoq, chiqishmoq, mu
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to drop out of tash- lamoq, -dan ch
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2. ko ‘p, ziyod, oshiq (antonimi
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2. O‘shandan buyon degan ma’nod
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to belong to -ga tegishli, qarashli
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He went to the shop. U do‘konga k
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to look up (lug‘atdan) qidirmoq I
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to supply (provide) with — bilan
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3. Without bilan kelgan iboralar: w
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subject to — bo‘lsa, sharti bil
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Izoh: Mustaqil sodda gaplarni bir-b
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unless agar, -masa I shall go there
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SHAKLI BIR-BIRIGA MOS KELADIGAN BOG
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SODDA GAP (THE SIMPLE SENTENCE) YIG
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IT SOXTA EGASI O‘zbek tilida Qish
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One should be careful when Yo‘lni
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Qo‘shma fe’l-kesim quyidagicha
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noaniq artikl bilan keladi, ko‘pl
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7. Agar ega jamlama otdan yasalgan
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IKKINCHI DARAJALI BO‘LAKLAR To‘
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it SOXTA TO‘LDIRUVCHISI Ba’zi t
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Bu gapdagi bridges egasining uchta
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4. Harakatning sodir bo‘lish saba
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Gapda predlogli vositali to‘ldiru
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I returned him the book which he ha
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2. Muallif gapi ko‘chirma gapdan
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7. So do I, Neither do I kabi gapla
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We found nobody (no one) at home. 2
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Darak gaplar Umumiy so‘roq gaplar
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Have you not seen him? Nahotki, uni
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How many? Nechta? How long? Qancha
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2. Eganing aniqlovchisiga berilgan
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MAXSUS SO‘ROQ GAPLARNING BO‘LIS
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At last you have returned! Nihoyat
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The book you gave me is very intere
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2. Ko‘pincha that bog‘lovchisi
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3. Ko‘chirma gapdagi kishilik va
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6. Ko‘chirma gapni o‘zlashtirma
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Agar ko‘chirma gap akasi ishlaydi
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He asked me, «What is the He asked
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I know the man whom you mean. Kim h
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6. Who olmoshi kamdan-kam hollarda
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As soon as we receive your telegram
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Bosh gapdagi kesim hozirgi yoki kel
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REAL SHART GAPLAR 1. Real shart gap
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3. Ish-harakatning yuz berish ehtim
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Why didn’t you tell me about it?
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2. Agar ergash gap that bog‘lovch
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WISH GAPLAR Wish noreal shart gapga
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In all probability, the steamer wil
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He said: «We agree to accept your
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SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE NOTO‘G‘RI
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MUNDARIJA FE‘L . . . . . . . . .
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Shakli bir-biriga mos keladigan bog
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INGLIZ TILI GRAMMATIKASI - Saytga o`tish

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