INGLIZ TILI GRAMMATIKASI - Saytga o`tish

SIFAT (THE ADJECTIVE)
Umumiy ma’lumotlar
1. Shaxs yoki buyumning belgisini bildirgan so‘zlar sifat deyiladi:
A young man = yosh kishi; a young woman= yosh ayol; young people =
yosh kishilar.
2. Sifat faqat darajalar bo‘yicha o‘zgarishi mumkin: long — uzun, longer
— uzunroq, longest — eng uzun.
3. Sifatlar oddiy va yasama bo‘ladi:
a) Oddiy sifatlar qo‘shimcha olmagan sifatlardir: big — katta, short —
kalta, black — qora, red — qizil.
b) Yasama sifatlarga old yoki orqa qo‘shimchasini yoki har ikkala sini
olgan sifatlar kiradi: natural — tabiiy, incorrect — noto‘g‘ri, unnatu ralnotabiiy.
Eng ko‘p tarqalgan qo‘shimchalar (suffi kslar):
— ful : useful = foydali, doubtful = shubhali;
— less : helpless = ojiz, useless = befoyda;
— ous : famous = mashhur, dangerous = xavfl i;
— al : formal = rasmiy, central = markaziy;
— able, -ible: eatable = yeb bo‘ladigan, accessible = hammabop, yen gil.
Eng ko‘p tarqalgan old qo‘shimchalar :
un- : unhappy = baxtsiz, unequal = teng emas, noteng;
in- : incomplete = tugallanmagan, indifferent = farqsiz.
4. Ikkita so‘zdan yasalib bitta ma’noni bildiruvchi sifatlar qo‘shma
sifatlar deyiladi:
dark-blue = to‘q ko‘k, snow-white = qordek oq.
5. Sifat gapda aniqlovchi va ot-kesimning tarkibida keladi:
The large box is on the table. Katta quti stol ustida.
(aniq lovchi)
The box is large. (ot kesimning
tarkibiy qismi)
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Quti — katta.
Sifat darajalari (Degrees of Comparison)
1. Sifatning uchta darajasi bor: Oddiy (the Positive Degree), qiyosiy
(the Comparative Degree) va orttirma ( the Superlative Degree).
The Missisippi is a long river. (long Missisippi uzun daryo.
— oddiy daraja.).