INGLIZ TILI GRAMMATIKASI - Saytga o`tish

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Have Has + P. P. Had Shall (will) have I have seen the new fi lm. Men yangi fi lmni ko‘rdim. I had fi nished my work by fi ve Men ishimni beshgacha tugatgan o’clock. edim. I shall have translated the article Men soat o‘ngacha maqolani tar- by ten o’clock. jima qilib bo‘laman. Present Perfect va Past Perfectda quyidagi qisqartirmalar ishlatiladi: I have written = I’ve written; I have not written = I’ve not written = I haven’t written; He has written = he’s written; he has not written = he’s not written = he hasn’t written; I had written = I’d written; I had not written = I’d not written = I hadn’t written va hok. 4. To have fe’li bor bo‘lmoq, ega bo‘lmoq ma‘nosida asosiy fe’l bo‘lib keladi: I have a good watch. Mening yaxshi soatim bor. He had a large library. Uning katta kutubxonasi bor edi. We shall soon have a new radio set. 10 Bizda yaqinda yangi radiopriyom - nik bo‘ladi. 5. So‘roq shaklni yasashda Simple Present va Simple Pastda to have fe’lining tegishli shakli eganing oldiga o‘tadi: Have you a good watch? Yaxshi soatingiz bormi? Had he a large library? Uning katta kutubxonasi bor edi - mi? Ammo Simple Pastning so‘roq shakli ko‘pincha to do yordamchi fe’li yordamida ham yasaladi: Did he have a large library? Uning katta kutubxonasi bor edi - mi? 6. To have fe’lining bo‘lishsiz shakli uning sahkllaridan keyin not yukla masini qo‘yib qisqartirish orqali yasaladi. Simple Present va Simple Pastda qisqartmalar haven’t, hasn’t, hadn’t bo‘ladi. Ulardan keyin dona lab sanaladigan birlikdagi ot noaniq artikl bilan, ko‘plikdagi donalab sanaladigan ot va donalab sanalmaydigan ot any olmoshi bilan ishlatiladi:
I haven’t a watch. Mening soatim yo‘q. He hasn’t any books on this sub- Unda bu sohada kitoblar yo‘q. ject. I hadn’t any time to go there. Mening u yerga borishga vaqtim yo‘q. Barcha murakkab shakllarda bo‘lishsizlik not birinchi yordamchi fe’ldan keyin qo‘yiladi: I shall not (shan’t) have any time to go there tomorrow. I have not (haven’t) had any time to go there today. Bo‘lishsiz gaplar no olmoshi yordamida ham yasalishi mumkin. Bunda no otdan oldin qo‘yiladi va otning oldida artikl ham, any olmoshi ham qo‘yilmaydi: I have no watch. He has no books on this subject. I had no time to go there. I’ll have no time to go there tomorrow. I’ve had no time to go there today. Bo‘lishsizlikning have (has, had) no shakli ko‘proq ishlatiladi. Fe’lning bo‘lishsiz shakli esa gapning bo‘lishsizlik ma’nosini oshirishda ishla tiladi. Qisqa javob faqat not yuklamasi bilan yasaladi: Have you a dictionary? – No, I haven’t (have not). 7. Og‘zaki nutqda to have fe’li o‘rnida hozirgi zamonda have (has) got ishlatiladi: I have = I have got = I’ve got, he (she) has = he (she) has got = he’s got, she’s got: I’ve got a large library = I have a Menda katta kutubxona bor. large library. Has he got a good dictionary? = Has Uning yaxshi lug‘ati bormi? he a good dictionary? I haven’t got an English dictionary. Menda inglizcha lug‘at yo‘q. = I have no English dictionary. Agar to‘ldiruvchi kishilik olmoshidan yasalgan bo‘lsa, bo‘lishsiz gaplarda haven’t, hasn’t emas faqat haven’t got va hasn’t got ishlatiladi. I haven’t got it. Undan menda yo‘q. He hasn’t got them. Ulardan unda yo‘q. 8. To have fe’li qator otlar bilan birikib keladi va o‘zining dastlabki bor (ega) bo‘lmoq ma’nosini yo‘qotadi: 11
Page 1 and 2: O‘ZBEKISTON RESPUBLIKASI OLIY VA
Page 3 and 4: FE’L (THE VERB) Umumiy ma’lumot
Page 5 and 6: fe’llarning o‘tgan zamon va o
Page 7 and 8: 5. To be fe’li faqat ikkita davom
Page 9: To bening o‘tgan zamondagi shakll
Page 13 and 14: 11. Og‘zaki nutqda have va has o
Page 15 and 16: Do come tonight. Bu oqshom albatta
Page 17 and 18: SHOULD 1. Should (shallning o‘tga
Page 19 and 20: Har ikkala ergash gap ham bir xil k
Page 21 and 22: I don’t understand why you should
Page 23 and 24: Would you tell me the time, please?
Page 25 and 26: He could (was able to) read French
Page 27 and 28: He may have left London. U Londonda
Page 29 and 30: I had to go there. Men u yerga bori
Page 31 and 32: The grass needs cutting. The televi
Page 33 and 34: ACTIVE INFINITIVE VA PASSIVE INFINI
Page 35 and 36: CONTINUOUS VA PERFECT CONTINUOUS IN
Page 37 and 38: I remembered to lock the door. Eshi
Page 39 and 40: I forbid you to tell him. Buni unga
Page 41 and 42: I like to go (going) to movies. Men
Page 43 and 44: tarkibida infi nitivli nominativ bo
Page 45 and 46: He proved to be a good worker. (= I
Page 47 and 48: 3. Gerund otga o‘xshab o‘zidan
Page 49 and 50: 2. Gapning kesimidagi ish-harakatda
Page 51 and 52: We are interested in buying your go
Page 53 and 54: Gerund bilan bir qatorda infi nitiv
Page 55 and 56: This offer is made subiect to re- S
Page 57 and 58: deny inkor etmoq discuss muhokama q
Page 59 and 60: It is of no use It is useless } It
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Gerundli iboralardagi ot yoki olmos
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SIFATDOSHLARNING YASALISHI 1. Prese
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SIFATDOSHNING ISHLATILISHI PRESENT
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Yuqoridagi sifatdoshli iboralarni e
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Being packed in strong cases (= As
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7. Past Participle to be fe’linin
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My sister having lost the key, we c
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We saw the engines being carefully
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ODDIY HOZIRGI (SIMPLE PRESENT) ZAMO
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dushan bada, in 1998 1998-yilda, du
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Og‘zaki nutqda quyidagi qisqartir
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HOZIRGI DAVOM ZAMONNING ISHLATILISH
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The Past Continuous Tense O‘tgan
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I was working in the library from t
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2. Future Continuous kelasi zamonda
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The Present Perfect Tense (Hozirgi
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5. Present Perfect since (biror vaq
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We had translated the article by fi
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We had come to an agreement on Siz
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2. Future Perfect ba’zan kelasi z
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2. Present Perfect Continuous hozir
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O‘TGAN TUGALLANGAN DAVOM ZAMONNIN
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he would have been working, we shou
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2. Majhul nisbatning bo‘lishsiz s
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Coal is produced in many districts
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Otlarning ko‘plikdagi shakli ikki
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A new glass works has been built ne
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His clothes were wet as he had Unin
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12. Ikkita qaratqich kelishigi (ega
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There were many students at the Maj
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My brother is an engineer. Mening a
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9. Noaniq artikl mavhum otlar oldid
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The workers who are discharging the
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The students of our Institute learn
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TURDOSH OTLAR OLDIDA ARTIKLNING ISH
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He is playing chess. U shaxmat o‘
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Alohida tog‘ cho‘qqilari artikl
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24. Aeroport va temir yo‘l stansi
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He had heart attack. Uning yuragi x
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The last they had heard of him was
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Most of the fl owers in the garden
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SIFAT (THE ADJECTIVE) Umumiy ma’l
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c) agar sifat undoshdan keyin kelga
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13. Sifatlarning ozroq yoki eng oz
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No sooner had we started out for Bi
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) -se, -ss qo‘shimchalari bilan t
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5. Hundred, thousand, million sonla
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Tartib son bilan kelgan ot oldidan
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Surat birdan katta son bo‘lganda,
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Where is Helen? — She is in the g
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5. O‘zbek tilida egalik olmoshlar
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3. This va these olmoshlari gapiruv
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SO‘ROQ OLMOSHLARI (INTERROGATIVE
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15. What qanday ma’nosida olmosh-
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The article that (which) I translat
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This is the book the professor refe
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Some of the fi rst-year students ar
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o‘lganda fe’l bo‘lishli shakl
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5. Much va many ega hamda egaga ani
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ALL OLMOSHI 1. All olmoshi olmosh-s
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Both these steamers were built in L
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2) Neither Men ham =Neither do I ib
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ONE OLMOSHI 1. One olmoshi olmosh-o
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RAVISH Umumiy ma’lumotlar 1. Ravi
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Has he read much? U ko‘p o‘qiga
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Are you going anywhere else after B
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Ayrim ravishlar ikki xil shaklga eg
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I work best in the morning. Men ert
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Before oldin, ilgari, lately yaqind
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He is looking at the child. U bolag
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About 1. haqida, to‘g‘risida: I
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They built a new bridge across the
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AMONG (AMONGST) orasida, o‘rtasid
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to be shocked (amazed, astonished)
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BELOW 1. ostida, past (antonimi abo
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3. -gacha (ish-harakat tamom bo‘l
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3. pastga (harakat fe’llari bilan
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I am for your proposal. Men sizning
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negotiations for uchun muzokaralar
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) -dan keyin: The train will be lea
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5. in predlogi bilan kelgan iborala
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I looked into the box, but there wa
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to remind of (about) -ni eslatmoq t
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I upset the bottle and it Men shish
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to get on yurishmoq, chiqishmoq, mu
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to drop out of tash- lamoq, -dan ch
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2. ko ‘p, ziyod, oshiq (antonimi
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2. O‘shandan buyon degan ma’nod
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to belong to -ga tegishli, qarashli
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He went to the shop. U do‘konga k
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to look up (lug‘atdan) qidirmoq I
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to supply (provide) with — bilan
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3. Without bilan kelgan iboralar: w
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subject to — bo‘lsa, sharti bil
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Izoh: Mustaqil sodda gaplarni bir-b
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unless agar, -masa I shall go there
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SHAKLI BIR-BIRIGA MOS KELADIGAN BOG
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SODDA GAP (THE SIMPLE SENTENCE) YIG
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IT SOXTA EGASI O‘zbek tilida Qish
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One should be careful when Yo‘lni
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Qo‘shma fe’l-kesim quyidagicha
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noaniq artikl bilan keladi, ko‘pl
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7. Agar ega jamlama otdan yasalgan
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IKKINCHI DARAJALI BO‘LAKLAR To‘
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it SOXTA TO‘LDIRUVCHISI Ba’zi t
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Bu gapdagi bridges egasining uchta
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4. Harakatning sodir bo‘lish saba
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Gapda predlogli vositali to‘ldiru
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I returned him the book which he ha
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2. Muallif gapi ko‘chirma gapdan
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7. So do I, Neither do I kabi gapla
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We found nobody (no one) at home. 2
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Darak gaplar Umumiy so‘roq gaplar
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Have you not seen him? Nahotki, uni
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How many? Nechta? How long? Qancha
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2. Eganing aniqlovchisiga berilgan
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MAXSUS SO‘ROQ GAPLARNING BO‘LIS
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At last you have returned! Nihoyat
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The book you gave me is very intere
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2. Ko‘pincha that bog‘lovchisi
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3. Ko‘chirma gapdagi kishilik va
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6. Ko‘chirma gapni o‘zlashtirma
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Agar ko‘chirma gap akasi ishlaydi
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He asked me, «What is the He asked
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I know the man whom you mean. Kim h
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6. Who olmoshi kamdan-kam hollarda
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As soon as we receive your telegram
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Bosh gapdagi kesim hozirgi yoki kel
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REAL SHART GAPLAR 1. Real shart gap
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3. Ish-harakatning yuz berish ehtim
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Why didn’t you tell me about it?
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2. Agar ergash gap that bog‘lovch
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WISH GAPLAR Wish noreal shart gapga
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In all probability, the steamer wil
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He said: «We agree to accept your
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SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE NOTO‘G‘RI
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MUNDARIJA FE‘L . . . . . . . . .
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Shakli bir-biriga mos keladigan bog
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INGLIZ TILI GRAMMATIKASI - Saytga o`tish

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