INGLIZ TILI GRAMMATIKASI - Saytga o`tish

The Present Perfect Tense
(Hozirgi tugallangan zamon)
Hozirgi tugallangan zamonning yasalishi
1. Present Perfect to have fe’lining hozirgi zamondagi shakllari have
va has hamda asosiy fe’lning o‘tgan zamon sifatdoshi (Past Participle)
yordamida yasaladi: I have worked, he has worked, we have worked.
Ega + have (has) + P.P.
2. Present Perfectning bo‘lishsiz shakli have yoki has yordamchi
fe’lidan keyin not inkor yuklamasini qo‘yish bilan yasaladi:
Ega + have (has) + not + P.P.
I have not worked, he has not worked, we have not worked.
3. Present Perfectning so‘roq shakli have va has yordamchi fe’llarini
eganing oldiga qo‘yish bilan yasaladi:
Have (has) + ega + P.P.?
Have I worked? Has he worked? Have we worked?
Bo‘lishli shakli Bo‘lishsiz shakli So‘roq shakli
I have worked
He (she, it) has wor ked
We have worked
You have worked
They have worked
I have not worked
He (she, it) has not worked
We have not worked
You have not worked
They have not worked
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Have I worked?
Has he (she, it) wor ked?
Have we worked?
Have you worked?
Have they worked?
Og‘zaki nutqda odatda quyidagi qisqartirmalar ishlatiladi: I’ve, He’s,
She’s, It’s, We’ve, You’ve, They’ve, I haven’t, I’ve not, He hasn’t, He’s not,
She hasn’t, She’s not, It hasn’t, It’s not, We haven’t, We’ve not, You haven’t,
You’ve not, They haven’t, They’ve not.
HOZIRGI TUGALLANGAN ZAMONNING ISHLATILISHI
1. Present Perfect hozirdan oldin tugagan, natijasi ko‘z oldimizda
bo‘l gan ish-harakatni ifodalash uchun ishlatiladi. Ish-harakat ancha oldin
tugagan bo‘lishi mumkin, bunda asosiy e’tibor vaqtga emas, natijaga
qaratiladi.
I have broken my pencil. Qalamimni sindirib qo‘ydim.
Has the secretary come? Kotiba keldimi?