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276
L4
去
KYO, KO, saru
go, leave, past
5 strokes
KYONEN last year
KAKO the past
tachisaru depart
OBI is based on pictograph of container
with double lids, probably for rice, and made of
bamboo or similar pliant plant-based material.
According to Yamada, ‘depart’ is an extended
usage based on the container being for taking
out rice from a cooking pot but more likely
loan usage. MS1995:v1:190-91; KJ197:266-7;
YK1976:128. We suggest taking the graph as
64 ‘ground’ and as ‘nose’.
Mnemonic: NOSE UNDER THE GROUND
MEANS YOU HAVE DEPARTED – GONE!
277
L3
橋
KYŌ, hashi
bridge
16 strokes
TEKKYŌ steel bridge
RIKKYŌ overpass
ishibashi stone bridge
A late graph (Shuowen) . 73 is ‘tree, wood’,
and is an NJK meaning ‘tall’ (similar in form
and meaning to 132 ‘tall/high’) and also acts
here as phonetic. Despite some points of difference,
scholars are in general agreement that
the basic associated sense is ‘tall, high’, in this
case presumably denoting something tall and
wooden; ‘bridge’ is perhaps an extended sense,
though Yamada sees as loan.YK1976:134-5;
SS1984:199-200; OT1968:525.
Mnemonic: TALL WOODEN STRUCTURE WITH
IRREGULAR TOP IS A BRIDGE
278
L4
業
SANGYŌ industry
ZAIGŌ sin
shiwaza act, deed
GYŌ, GŌ, waza
profession, deed,
karma
13 strokes
Bronze represents a musical instrument
with bells suspended from a notched board; in
Tōdō’s word-family ‘rough and hard’. The graph
was also used to denote board or tablet used
as a flat surface for learning, then for learning
itself or any activity involving learning, including
work. ‘Karma’ is an extended meaning.
KJ1970:282; OT1968:514; YK1976:136-7. Difficult
mnemonically, but we suggest taking the
lower part as a combination of 73 ‘tree/wood’
and 426 ‘sheep’, and the upper part a topless
‘row’ 977.
Mnemonic: MAKING ODD ROWS OF
WOODEN SHEEP IS A STRANGE PROFESSION
279
L3
曲
6
KYOKU,
mageru/garu
bend, melody
strokes
KYOKUSEN curve
SAKKYOKU songwriting
magarime a turning
Bronze is ; pictograph of curved container
made of wood or bamboo (Mizukami also
notes alternative interpretation as carpenter’s
square); by extension ‘bend’. MS1995:v1:628-9;
YK1976:137; KJ1970:284. ‘Melody’ is an extended
meaning perhaps based on convolutions. We
suggest remembering the modern graph by
using 63 ‘field(s)’.
Mnemonic: BENDY PATHS THROUGH THE
FIELDS AND BEYOND
The 200 Third Grade Characters 113