480531170

957
党
TŌ
party, faction
L3
10 strokes
SEITŌpolitical party
RŌDŌTŌLabor Party
TŌHAfaction
Seal ; late graph (Shuowen); traditional
. Has 137 ‘black’, and 1491 (orig. smoke
rising from roof aperture; now ‘furthermore’)
as phonetic with associated sense taken as i]
958
糖
TŌ
sugar
L1
16 strokes
SATŌsugar
TŌIsugar coating
TŌBUNsugar content
Seal ; late graph (later Shuowen edition). Has
220 ‘rice’, and (orig. ‘incoherent, absurd’,
itself comprising 22 ‘speak, words’, with
[CO, here, slightly modified in shape; meaning
959
届
todokeru/ku
deliver, report
L3
8 strokes
todokeSHOreport
todokederugive notice
yukitodokube attentive
Seal ; late graph (Shuowen); traditional form:
. The graph has 256 ‘person lying down/
slumped’ (possibly but not necessarily a ‘corpse’),
and 凷 (CO, ‘lump of hard soil’, made up of
64 ‘earth, ground’, with [originally, ‘basket’]
as a phonetic with an associated sense ‘hard
960
難
NAN, muzukashii, katai
difficult, trouble
L3
18 strokes
NANMINrefugees
NANGItrouble
migataihard to see
Bronze ; seal ; traditional . The bronze
and seal forms given here both feature 324
‘short-tailed bird, bird’, but this graph also occurs
in both bronze and seal alternatively with 190
‘bird’ instead. Either ‘bird’ element combines with
one of a small range of elements as phonetic;
these include ( 133 ‘yellow’) in bronze and
(CO, possibly ‘burn sacrifice’), both with associated
‘cover’, giving ‘sun and moon covered in black,
with no light’ (Katō, Yamada), or ii] ‘obstruct’,
giving ‘obstructed and not clear’ (Ogawa). Either
analysis could refer to a lattice roof-opening
blackened with soot. ‘Party, (like-minded)
companions’ are loan usage. YK1976:387;
KJ1970:671-2; OT1968:90. Take as ornate
roof, as ‘elder brother’ 114.
Mnemonic: ELDER BROTHER’S PARTY MEETS
UNDER ORNATE ROOF
‘remove husk on grain’]) as phonetic with associated
sense ‘spread out’ (Ogawa), or ‘dry using
heat’ (Katō), giving ‘food items made using
rice flour (spread out)’, and then more specifically
‘sweet items’, ‘sugar’. OT1968:764,327;
YK1976:390; MS1995:v1:230-31; KJ1970:666.
is also used to represent Tang China, helpful for
mnemonics.
Mnemonic: RICE FROM TANG CHINA IS AS
SWEET AS SUGAR
and round’) serving as phonetic with associated
sense taken either as i] ‘move backwards’ or ‘leg
impediment’, giving ‘move backwards, cannot
move freely’ (Yamada, Katō), or ii] ‘collapse’, giving
‘physically enervated’ (Ogawa). Schuessler
notes early Chinese meanings that include
‘end up, arrive’, which appear to be loan usages;
‘deliver’, which may perhaps be regarded as an
extended sense from ‘end up, arrive’, is a meaning
for used only in Japanese. YK1976:397;
KJ1970:153-4; OT1968:295; AS2007:314. We suggest
taking as a corpse, and as ‘reason’ 421.
Mnemonic: DELIVER CORPSE AND REPORT REASON
sense ‘golden, yellow’, in effect giving / a
semantic function also. At the clerical script stage,
the form with became predominant. Overall
meaning is ‘bird with golden/ yellow plumage’,
but beyond that the identity of the bird is not
known. The meaning ‘difficult, trouble’ is considered
to be a loan usage. MS1995:v2:1498-1500;
YK1976:399; GY2008:1186; KJ1970:748;
SK1984:771. As a mnemonic we suggest making
use of the kanji for Han China, namely – which
of course is part of the term kanji – along
with the water determinative 42.
Mnemonic: BIRDS ARE IN TROUBLE IN
WATERLESS HAN CHINA
294 The 181 Sixth Grade Characters