480531170

454
果
KA, hatasu, hate
OBI ; seal . OBI form depicts fruit on
fruit, result,
73 ‘tree’. Seal script has what seems to be
L3
carry out
63 ‘field’, but this is generally taken as
8 strokes
fruit (Yamada says fruit with streaks), to
SEIKAresult
kudamono*fruit
give overall meaning ‘small fruit on a tree’.
‘Carry out’ and ‘result’ are extended meanings.
MS1995:v1:652-3; YK1976:80; KJ1970:306-7;
hatashiteas expected
OT1968:492; TA1965:611-17.
Mnemonic: HAVING TREE IN FIELD RESULTS
IN FRUIT
455
L3
貨
KA
goods, money
11 strokes
KAMOTSUSEN freighter
KŌKA hard currency
ZAKKA sundry goods
Seal ; late graph (Shuowen). Has 10 ‘shell/
currency’, and 258 (‘change’) as semantic and
phonetic meaning ‘change’, to give overall sense
‘currency changes into something different’ or
‘something exchanged with money’; and by
extension, ‘treasure, wealth, assets’. This graph
is seen on one category of very early inscribed
items found in Japan (sites in Nagasaki Prefecture)
– coins brought over from China dating
back to the early 1 st century AD which in seal
script read ‘coinage’ (926 ‘spring’, here
serves as loan for 757 ‘copper coin, money’).
OT1968:953; MS1995:v2:1232-3; KJ1970:306;
CS2000:9.
Mnemonic: CHANGE SHELLS FOR GOODS OR
MONEY
456
課
KA
section, lesson, levy
L3
15 strokes
KAZEItaxation
KACHŌsection head
DAINIKALesson Two
Seal ; late graph (Shuowen). Has 118
‘words/speech’, and 454 (‘fruit/result’) as
phonetic with associated sense i] ‘consider, test’
(Katō, Yamada), to give ‘consider one’s words’;
or ii] ‘divide’ (Ogawa), to give ‘divide up work
and test what is done’. If Ogawa’s interpretation
is followed, the division of work, which
would involve allocation, and often a degree of
sequencing, may be seen as having given rise
to extended meanings such as ‘levy’, ‘section’,
‘lesson’. KJ1970:307; YK1976:84; OT1968:933.
Mnemonic: A LESSON IN FRUITFUL WORDS
457
芽
GA, me
bud, sprout, shoot
L1
8 strokes
HATSUGAsprouting
SHINmebud, sprout
mebaeruto bud, sprout
OBI ; seal . Has 53 ‘plant’ and 1090
(‘fang, tusk’) as phonetic with associated sense
‘interlocking, intertwined’, to give overall
meaning ‘bud, shoot, sprout’. Ogawa takes
associated sense of as ‘stick out, project’.
(Note Mizukami and Katō see ‘fang’ as an
extended sense and that it originally showed
an interlocking wooden joint on a carriage
wheel.) MS1995:v2:1106-8, 826-8; KJ1970:124;
OT1968:847.
Mnemonic: PLANT SPROUTS FANG-LIKE BUDS
158 The 200 Fourth Grade Characters