480531170

965
L3
派
HA
faction, send
9 strokes
HAKENdespatch
RIPPA nasplendid
TanakaHATanaka Faction
OBI ( ); seal . The OBI form, which lacks
/ 42 ‘water’ as a determinative, depicts
tributaries flowing into a river. Although the
water flow of a tributary is into a river, not
from it, still there is an association of divergence
in relation to the main river, this probably
leading to the extended sense ‘become
separated’. Katō notes that at the earliest
stage there was fluctuation in the direction of
this graph (either left-facing or right-facing) –
a feature which as Qiu notes did not as a rule
indicate two different words were represented
because in the earliest period there was
fluctuation in the regular and reversed forms
of the same graph without a distinction in
meaning. Later, though, the convention arose
of employing the left-facing shape of as
the way to write 644 ‘long, lasting’ (q.v.),
and the right-facing shape for ‘tributary;
become separated’; later still, the ‘water’ determinative
was added to further distinguish
the latter sense. Ogawa regards the semantic
progression as being ‘become separated’ >
‘tributary’, though the normal progression
for development of graphs is from a concrete
sense to an abstract sense, not the reverse.
It would appear that the idea of separation
has led to the meaning of ‘faction’, in the
sense of going a different way, and in some
cases possibly being sent away. See also
618. YK1976:407; KJ1970:77-8; QX2000:206;
OT1968:576.
Mnemonic: A FACTION IS LIKE A TRIBUTARY
RELATIVE TO A RIVER
966
L3
拝
HAI, ogamu
worship, respectful
8 strokes
REIHAIworship
HAIKENinspection, look
HAIGUYours faithfully
Bronze ; seal . Has 34 ‘hand’, and a
second element (interpretations differ – Mizukami
lists two: animal intestines hung from
a tree as sacrifice, or an offering held out) as
phonetic with associated sense typically taken
as ‘line up, be in a row’, giving ‘hold both hands
out (in an act of offering)’; by extension, ‘revere,
worship’. Ogawa interprets the objects depicted
in the second element as an offering of luxuriant
vegetation.YK1976:408-9; KJ1970:754;
MS1995:v1:562-3; OT1968:409. Suggest take
right element as 8-leaved plant.
Mnemonic: HAND OFFERS UP EIGHT-LEAVED
PLANT IN RESPECTFUL WORSHIP
967
L3
背
9
HAIGObackground
senakaback
HAISHINbetrayal
HAI, se, sei, somuku/
keru
back, stature, defy
strokes
Seal ; late graph (Shuowen). Has 209
‘flesh, meat’, and 224 (‘north’; originally, ‘turn
the back, oppose’) as semantic and phonetic,
giving overall meaning ‘the back’. YK1976:409;
KJ1970:752-3; GY2008:832; OT1968:819;
AS2007:246.
Mnemonic: TURN BACK DEFIANTLY ON MEAT
FROM THE NORTH
296 The 181 Sixth Grade Characters