480531170

1689
L1
淡
TAN, awai
pale, light, faint
11 strokes
TANSUIfreshwater
TANSHOKUlight color
awayukilight snow
giving ‘gall-bladder’. Shuowen defines as
‘organ which joins the liver’. is in origin
a different graph from , listed in the
Guangyun dictionary (early 11 th century) as
originally having another meaning (possibly
‘saliva’), but was subsequently borrowed
to write . Traditionally the gall-bladder
was perceived to be the seat of courage,
hence the extended use in that sense. Today,
can be used in a general, non-technical
way for either ‘gall-bladder’ or ‘liver’ (see
Note following). Note: in modern Japanese,
the medical term for gall-bladder is
TANNŌ (is ‘bag’ [NJK]) and that for liver
is KANZŌ (see 1142), but in popular
everyday usage the native Japanese
word kimo can refer to either, probably
reflecting the close relationship between
the two. Similarly, attempts are made to
distinguish the use of and to write
kimo meaning ‘liver/gall-bladder’ on the one
hand and ‘courage’ on the other, but actual
usage may not adhere to this. KJ1970:251;
ZZ1671:v2:949 GY2008:896; TA1965:839;
ZY2009:v3:1017,1040; OT1968:819. We suggest
taking as ‘dawn’ 1687.
Mnemonic: AT DAWN, GALL-BLADDER AND
LIVER WILL BE TAKEN FROM BODY
OBI : seal . Has 42 ‘water’, and
1050 (‘fierce flames’, [doubled flame 8]),
with associated sense taken as i] ‘peaceful,
calm’ (Mizukami), or ii] ‘few’ (Ogawa), or iii]
‘weak soup’ (Katō) giving ‘watery/bland soup’;
by extension, ‘pale (color), weak (flavor),
faint’. MS1995:v2:760-61,796-7; OT1968: 591;
GY2008:1323; KJ1985:371.
Mnemonic: WATER ON FLAMES MAKES THEM
PALE AND FAINT
1690
L1
嘆
13
TAN,
nageku/kawashii
lament, admire
strokes
TANSOKUsigh
KYŌTANadmiration
nagekisakebuwail
1691
L1
端
14
TAN, hashi, hata, ha
extremity, edge,
upright, tip
strokes
KYOKUTANextreme
TANSEIupright
michibataroadside
Seal ; late graph (Shuowen). Has 22
‘mouth; speak’, and (provisional meaning
understood as ‘drought, starvation’: see also
265) with associated sense taken either as i]
‘suffer’, thus ‘become disheartened and sigh’
(Ogawa), or ii] ‘swallow, unable to talk’, giving
‘make lamenting sound’ (Katō), either way giving
‘lament’. Basis for the minor meaning ‘admire’
is not clear. DJ2009:v1:119; OT1968:193;
KJ1970:683. Take as ‘Han male’ (265).
Mnemonic: HAN MALE OPENS HIS
MOUTH – TO LAMENT OR ADMIRE?
Seal ; late graph (Shuowen). Has 77
‘stand’, and ‘plant growing’ (see Note below),
giving original meaning ‘upright’ (Qiu).
‘Edge, extremity’ are considered extended
senses (Gu). Ogawa, alternatively, treats as
phonetic with associated sense ‘flat’, giving
‘stand with good posture’. Note: OBI occurrences
of are taken in one view as a pic-
502 The Remaining 1130 Characters