480531170

716
L3
賛
SAN
praise, agree, help
15 strokes
SANSEIapproval
SANBIKAhymn
SANJIeulogy
Seal ; traditional Has 10 ‘shell/currency’,
and ‘advance’ ( 51 ‘tip, precede’ reduplicated;
in early Chinese also meant ‘go in front’) as
semantic and phonetic, meaning ‘put forward/
present shell currency or valuables’ as a gift
when meeting one’s lord. As this would facilitate
the meeting, ‘help’ evolved as an extended
sense. Yamada proposes ‘praise’ as a further extension
of meaning. KJ1970:441-2; KJ1975:210;
OT1968:958; ZY2009:v1:52; AS2007:527. We
suggest taking as ‘two husbands’ 601.
Mnemonic: PRAISE THE TWO HUSBANDS
WHO SHELLED OUT
717
支
SHI, sasaeru
‘bamboo’ ( 58), but not all commentators
branch, support
are convinced by such precise identification
L3
4 strokes
(Ogawa, Shirakawa). No doubt because the
hand is supporting a branch or bamboo stalk,
SHITENbranch office
Ogawa regards ‘support’ as an extended meaning,
SHIJIsupport
and does not follow Yamada’s view that
sasaebashiraprop
‘support’ is a loan usage. In modern usage,
Seal ; late graph (Shuowen). Represents a is often used for ‘support’ in a figurative sense
(cf. 719 ‘branch’). KJ1970:460; YK1976:212;
OT1968:434; SS1984:359.
bamboo stalk or a branch with leaves attached,
held in the hand; taken to signify pulling the
branch or stalk away, and hence ‘separate
(with the hand)’. The Shuowen explanation says
Mnemonic: HAND SUPPORTS CROSS-SHAPED
BRANCH
718
志
SHI, kokorozasu,
Seal ; late graph (Shuowen). Has 164 ‘mind,
kokorozashi
heart’, and (see 143, originally ‘footprint’
L3
will, intent
> ‘go, proceed’) – in a variant shape later
7 strokes
rendered as ‘warrior’ 521 – as semantic and
phonetic meaning ‘go’, to give ‘one’s mind goes/
ISHIwill, intent
tends towards…’, and hence ‘intend, intention’.
SHIBŌaspiration
KJ1970:452; OT1968:359; YK1976:218-9;
YŪSHIvolunteer
AS2007:613.
Mnemonic: WARRIOR’S HEART SHOWS WILL
AND INTENT
719
枝
SHI, eda
Seal ; late graph (Shuowen). Has 73 ‘tree’,
branch
L3
with 717 (originally branch/bamboo held in
8 strokes
hand; later ‘support’) as phonetic with associated
sense ‘become separated’, to give ‘branch
SHITAItroop detachment
separated from tree’; sense then generalized
edazunoantler
to ‘branch’, usually in physical sense in modern
Japanese usage. KJ1970:460; OT1968:493;
kareedadead branch
SS1984:366; TA1965:493-5,464.
Mnemonic: TREE SUPPORTS BRANCH
230 The 185 Fifth Grade Characters