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89
家
KA, KE, ie, -ya
house, specialist
L4
10 strokes
NŌKAfarmhouse
BUKEwarrior family
SHŌSETSUKAnovelist
Some OBI forms, as , are seen as pig under
roof, but other OBI and bronze such as are
seen as dog under roof. In support of the pig
analysis, Ma suggests the structures to house
people and pigs were not all that different in
ancient times. Shirakawa, however, in support
of the dog analysis, observes that dog sacrifice
was common at that period. Katō believes
to be a pig, here as a phonetic with associated
sense ‘leisure’, i.e. building for relaxing. Over
time the character has become associated with
‘profession’, with particular families/houses
being associated with particular work through
the hereditary system in China. MR2007:367-8;
KJ1970:124-5; BK1957:28; SS1984:76.
Mnemonic: SPECIALIST’S HOUSE LOOKS LIKE
A PIG-STY!
90
L4
歌
KA, uta, utau
song, sing
14 strokes
KASHUsinger
TANKAshort verse
utagoesinging voice
Of quite late provenance. Shuowen has the
simpler form (NJK, ‘elder brother’), to which
at a later date the right-hand element 496
‘yawn, mouth open wide’ was added. In this
more complex character, serves a phonetic
91
L4
画
GA, KAKU
picture, stroke
8 strokes
EIGAmovie
GAMENscreen
KEIKAKUplan
OBI ; bronze forms , ; seal ; traditional
. Numerous interpretations. Upper part of
OBI form is taken by both Gu and Katō as a
hand holding a writing brush, but Gu takes lower
part as pictographic for what is drawn, while
role which is regarded by Katō and Yamada as
also denoting longer articulation, while Tōdō
includes it in a word-family meaning ‘bend’
(specifically here, manipulate or move the vocal
chords). One can perhaps think of the early
Chinese equivalent of KA-KA as like the English
‘(Tra)-la-la’. KJ1970:122; YK1976:84; TA1965:578-
82. As a mnemonic, suggest again taking ‘can,
able’ 655 and doubling it.
Mnemonic: GAPING MOUTH SINGS THE
CAN-CAN
Katō treats instead as phonetic with associated
sense ‘draw’. Katō takes bronze stage meaning
as ‘(draw) field boundary lines’; Karlgren regards
the lower part in bronze as representing a map;
Shirakawa, by contrast, sees them in bronze as a
writing brush over a shield, the shield being an
object to be embellished. is a later abbreviated
shape. MS1995:v2:880-81; KJ1970:327;
SS1984:83; BK1957:224-5; OT1968:24;
GY2008:579.
Mnemonic: FIELD IN PICTURE PARTITIONED
BY STROKES
92
回
KAI, mawaru/su
turn, rotate
L4
6 strokes
KAITENrevolution
KAISŪfrequency
iimawashiturn of phrase
A symbol of rotational motion . Apparently
on the basis of the bronze forms e.g. ,
Shirakawa sees it as depicting a current swirling
round. SS1984:86-7; QX2000:174.
Mnemonic: CO-AXIAL ROTATION
68 The 160 Second Grade Characters