480531170

distinguish carefully from the similar-shaped
543 ‘retainer, minister’, q.v. KJ1970:267;
MS1995:v1:428-9; SS1984:180; BK1957:43;
OT1968:309.
1210
L1
拒
KYO, kobamu
refuse, resist
8 strokes
KYOZETSUrefusal
KYOHIdenial
KYOSHIrefusal
A late, post-Shuowen graph. Has 34 ‘hand’,
and 1209 (now meaning ‘giant/huge’, but
originally probably ‘carpenter’s square’) as
1211
拠
KYO, KO, yoru
base, basis
L1
8 strokes
KONKYObase, basis
SHŌKOproof
yoridokoro grounds
Seal ; late graph (Shuowen); traditional .
Has 34 ‘hand’, with CO 豦 as phonetic with
associated sense ‘rest on, hold onto’, thus ‘hold
onto with the hands’, and by extension ‘rely
1212
虚
KYO, KO, uro
empty, hollow, dip
L1
11 strokes
KYOGIfalsehood
KOKŪempty space
KYOMUSHUGI nihilism
Seal ; late graph (Shuowen); traditional . Has
, a minor variation of early form of 1203
1213
距
KYO
distance, cockspur
L1
12 strokes
KYORIdistance
KYOKOTSUanklebone
SOKKYOGI range finder
Bronze ; seal . Has 54 ‘foot’, and 1209
(‘carpenter’s square’, now ‘huge’, see) as phonetic
with associated sense taken as i] ‘separated’,
giving ‘part of [cock’s] foot separated/distanced
Mnemonic: NOT QUITE A RETAINER, BUT A
HUGE GIANT WITH STARING EYE
phonetic with associated sense ‘prevent’, giving
‘prevent/hold in check (using the hands)’, then
generalized to ‘prevent, refuse’. may also
possibly be seen as a cumbersome tool, giving
connotations of being an impediment, with
a resultant extended meaning of resistance.
KJ1970:268; SS1984:180; OT1968:406.
Mnemonic: REFUSAL ENFORCED BY HUGE HAND
Or: WHO CAN RESIST SUCH A HUGE HAND?
on’. Note: 豦 is typically interpreted as depicting
a tiger ( 1301) and boar or wild pig (
89) fighting each other. The right-hand part of
the modern form is based on a cursive style
which is the same shape as (907 ‘deal with’).
SS1984:180; TA1965:385; MS1995:v2:1222-4;
KJ1970:268; GY2008:1582; ZY2009:v2:435. Take
as ‘deal with’.
Mnemonic: DEALING BY HAND SEEMS A
SOUND BASIS
‘hillock’, and 1301 (‘tiger’) as phonetic with
associated sense ‘big’, thus ‘big hill’. Based on
early forms of , Tōdō takes to show hillocks
around a central depression or basin, thus
giving ‘empty’ as extended sense. Ogawa, however,
treats ‘empty’ as loan usage. OT1968:881;
TA1965:398-400; MS1995:v1:7-8. Suggest as
variant of 977 ‘line up’.
Mnemonic: EMPTY TIGERS LINED UP IN HOLLOW!
from the rest’, i.e. ‘cockspur’ (Mizukami), or ii]
‘drive back, repel’, giving ‘part of [cock’s] foot
which drives back opponents, cockspur’ (Ogawa),
with ‘repel’ in turn giving ‘distance’ (Katō).
Shirakawa too treats here as phonetic, but
also posits a graphic link, likening the projecting
horizontal lines in early forms of to the projecting
nature of a cockspur. MS1995:v2:1262-3;
OT1968:970; SS1984:182; KJ1985:588.
Mnemonic: HUGE FOOT COVERS DISTANCE
The Remaining 1130 Characters 361