480531170

764
L3
則
SOKU, nori, nottoru
rule, model, standard
9 strokes
KISOKUTEKIregular
HŌSOKUlaw
GENSOKUprinciple
Bronze: ; seal: . Has 198 ‘knife’, and
(not ‘shell-money’ 10, but abbreviation of earlier
‘cauldron’: see 248), usually taken as phonetic
with associated sense ‘damage, mark’, to give
‘mark/damage with knife’. Wood or bamboo
was marked with a knife for use as a measuring
tool; ‘measure, ruler’ was then extended to the
abstract sense ‘rule, standard’. Ogawa suggests
in a semantic role to give ‘mark/engrave a
cauldron’, then make it a ‘standard’ (presumably
of capacity), but Katō argues very few cauldrons
were engraved. Tōdō puts into a word-family
‘stick to, incline towards’ which includes
1650 (originally person kneeling next to food
piled up in container on stand), and takes the
graph as a cauldron or cooking pot with a knife
always close by. The first analysis seems persuasive.
KJ1970:645-6; YK1976:334; OT1968:117;
TA1965:121-3. Suggest taking as 10 ‘money’.
Mnemonic: THERE ARE RULES AND STAND-
ARDS ABOUT CUTTING UP MONEY
765
測
SOKU, hakaru
measure, fathom
L3
12 strokes
SOKUTEImeasurement
SOKUCHIland survey
hakarigataihard to figure
766
L1
属
ZOKU
belong, genus
12 strokes
KINZOKUmetal
FUZOKUattached
ZOKUMEIgeneric name
Seal ; late graph (Shuowen); traditional .
Has , corresponding to seal form of 1888
(originally showing vagina with hair, later
‘buttocks’ and ‘animal tail’), and (NJK, ‘green
Bronze ; seal . Has 42 ‘water’ and
764 (‘rule, standard’) as semantic and phonetic
(and may be seen as extended sense of 764)
meaning ‘measure’, thus ‘measure water depth’;
then generalised to ‘measure’. MS1995:v2:766-8;
KJ1970:646; OT1968:596.
Mnemonic: MEASURE WATER WITH
FATHOM-RULE
caterpillar’) as phonetic with associated sense
‘continue’, to give ‘born continuously/successively
from vagina’ and hence ‘blood relatives,
family’. By extension, ‘connected, belong, same
type’. KJ1970:337; MS1995:v1:406-8,v2:1148-9;
KJ1970:558; OT1968:298. Suggest take as
‘buttock’, as ‘insect’ 60, as ‘legs’, and as
‘head’.
Mnemonic: INSECT WITH BUTTOCK, LEGS
AND HEAD BELONGS TO A GENUS
767
L3
率
SOTSU, RITSU, hikiiru
rate, command
11 strokes
TŌSOTSUcommand
NŌRITSUefficiency
ZEIRITSUtax-rate
OBI ; seal . OBI and bronze forms show
rope (taken to be hemp rope) and bits of hemp
thread; the seal form shows these together
with some sort of tool or device for making the
rope. ‘Command’ and ‘rate’ may be regarded
as loan usages. YK1976:494; KJ1970:526;
MS1995:v2:850-51. Suggest taking as top,
as 29 ‘short threads’ with bits, and the
lower element as 35 ‘ten’.
Mnemonic: TEN BITS OF SHORT THREADS
COMMAND TOP RATE
The 185 Fifth Grade Characters 243