480531170

529
L3
530
L4
失
SHITSU, ushinau
lose
5 strokes
SHIPPAIfailure
SHIKKEIrudeness
SHITSUGYŌunemployment
Seal ; late graph (Shuowen). Interpretations
differ, but only in a minor way. One analysis
takes the graph as 34 ‘hand’, with 1072
(knife tool for carving) as a phonetic with an
associated sense of ‘drop’, ‘lose’, to give ‘lose out
借
SHAKU, kariru
borrow, rent
10 strokes
SHAKKINdebt
SHAKUyarented house
karinushiborrower
Seal ; late graph, in amended edition of
Shuowen entitled Shuowen xinfu (Shuowen with
New Appendices). Has 41 ‘person’, with
346 (‘past, accumulated days’). One analysis
of the hand’ (Katō, Yamada). This by extension
came to mean ‘lose something in general’.
Alternatively, the bottom right-hand element
in the seal form has been taken as indicating
movement sideways, but again with much the
same overall meaning as the analysis noted
above (Tōdō). KJ1970:486-7; YK1976:235;
TA1965:754-6. We suggest taking the modern
graph as 601 ‘husband / man’ with the extra
stroke taken as a baton.
Mnemonic: HUSBAND IS ABOUT TO LOSE THE
BATON
takes as semantic and phonetic, meaning
‘accumulate’ (Ogawa, Tōdō), or alternatively as
phonetic with associated sense ‘person who
pretends/is a substitute’, then generalized to
‘substitute; something not one’s own’, and so
something borrowed. In Chinese this graph
can also mean ‘lend’. KJ1970:615; YK1976:241;
OT1968:70; TA1965:364-7; AS2007:314.
Mnemonic: A PERSON IN THE PAST HAD TO
BORROW TO PAY RENT
531
L3
種
SHU, tane
seed, kind
14 strokes
ISSHUone sort
JINSHUhumankind
tanenashiseedless
Seal ; late graph (Shuowen). Has 87
‘grain’, and 326 (‘heavy’) as phonetic with
associated sense ‘late’, giving ‘late ripening
grain/crops’. Yamada sees ‘seed’ and ‘type, kind’
as loan usages, but Tōdō sees a semantic link
between ‘heavy’ and the heads of grain
heavy with seed. KJ1970:704; YK1976:246;
OT1968:736; TA1965:291.
Mnemonic: KIND OF RICE PLANT WITH
HEAVY SEED
532
L3
周
SHŪHENperimeter
SHŪTŌcircumspect
ISSHŪa lap, circuit
SHŪ, mawari
circumference, widely,
around
8 strokes
OBI ; seal . Analyses vary. Ogawa and
Tōdō see fields with crops, and as an outer
boundary, giving ‘enclose, surround’. However,
there is room for doubt in those OBI and bronze
forms that include , as its shape is more like
22 ‘mouth/speak’ than an enclosure such
as in 84 ‘park’. Thus a different analysis has
been proposed, taking as ‘speak’ and the
main part of the OBI and bronze forms of
as phonetic with associated sense ‘keep the
mouth shut, say nothing‘, giving ‘ keep quiet’
(Yamada). OT1968:176; TA1965:176,182-3;
MS1995:v1:224-5; KJ1970:513-4; YK1976:249.
We suggest taking as a hoop, as 64 ‘earth’,
and 22 ‘mouth’.
Mnemonic:EARTH AROUND MOUTH OF HOOP
The 200 Fourth Grade Characters 179