480531170

sociated sense ‘hit, strike’, giving ‘hit with whip’
(Katō). Katō regards ‘attack’ as a loan usage,
but this can surely be considered an extended
sense. Mizukami lists OBI forms, but the shapes
seem difficult to reconcile with those of the
bronze forms. SS1984:292; MS1995:v1:566-7;
KJ1970:406; OT1968:436.
Mnemonic: ATTACK, STRIKING WITH
CARPENTER’S SQUARE
1323
L2
更
7
KŌ, sara, fukeru/kasu
anew, change, grow
late, again
strokes
KŌSHINrenewal
imasaranow, belatedly
yofuke late at night
OBI ; bronze ; seal . These early forms
have /112 ‘strike’, beneath 1932
(originally, type of stand), treated in one view as
phonetic with associated sense of i] ‘turn over,
change’, thus ‘turn something into something
else’, i.e. ‘change’, or ii] ‘make firm something
loose’(i] and ii] both noted in Mizukami). Gu, in
line with i] above, interprets the original meaning
as ‘hand holding stick turns pancake over’.
Extended senses include ‘anew, again’. Another
extended sense, ‘grow late’, appears to be
connected to the traditional use of this graph
also to denote time during the night, which
was divided into five periods, each of about
two hours. MS1995:v1:628-30; GY2008:393;
OT1968:477. Suggest taking graph as 66 ‘day’
and as variant of strike / force.
Mnemonic: DAY GROWS LATE, FORCING
CHANGE
1324
拘
KŌ, kakawaru
seize, adhere to
L1
8 strokes
KŌSOKUrestriction
KŌINarrest
kakawarazu regardless
1325
肯
KŌ
consent, agree, vital
L2
8 strokes
SHUKŌconsent
KŌTEIaffirmation
KŌTEITEKI affirmative
Bronze and seal forms ( 肎 ) , . Usually
taken as comprising / 209 ‘meat, flesh’
under . The latter element, normally a
determinative meaning ‘cover, roof’, is felt here
to be an abbreviation of ‘bone’ or 冎 ‘skull
and uppermost vertebra’ (see 877). Overall
original meaning of 肎 (corresponding to the
original shape of later ; explained below) is
Seal ; late graph (Shuowen). Has 34 ‘hand’,
and 683 (‘phrase’; orig. threads or similar intertwined
or hooked together) as phonetic with
associated sense taken as i] ‘stop’, thus ‘stop
with the hand’ (Katō, Ogawa), or ii] ‘bent’ (like
a hook, etc.), thus ‘pull and stop’ (Shirakawa).
KJ1970:279; OT1968:407; SS1984:294. Take
as ‘mouth’ 22 with hook.
Mnemonic: SEIZE BY HANDY HOOK IN THE
MOUTH or SEIZE ONTO A HANDY PHRASE
taken as ‘meat/flesh/soft tissue attached firmly
to bone’ (Mizukami, Ogawa, Gu); Katō takes as
‘meat/flesh attached to skull’. Regarding the
somewhat different shape , a transitional
shape between 肎 and can be found at the
clerical script stage, with a top element similar
to but with bottom stroke written like , a
point which helps us understand the shape of
the modern form. The meaning ‘consent, agree’
is a loan usage; based on usage in a classical
Chinese text, Shirakawa takes ‘vital’ to be an
extended sense. OT1968:816; KJ1970:318-9;
GY2008:609; MS1995:v2:1068-9; SK1984:594;
SS1984:295. Suggest take as ‘stop’ 143.
Mnemonic: CONSENT TO MEAT STOPPAGE
The Remaining 1130 Characters 393